Effects of soil disturbance and disease on the growth and reproduction of Lolium perenne [Poaceae] introduced to semi-natural grassland

• Autorzy: Erneberg M , Strandberg B. , Strandberg M. , Jensen B.D. , Weiner J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

We performed manipulative field experiments to investigate the effects of soil disturbance and exposure to a fungal plant pathogen, Puccinia coronata (Corda), on the establishment and spread of two introduced, cultivated genotypes of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne (L.). The two cultivars of L. perenne with different levels of susceptibility to P. coronata were introduced to grassland sites to investigate whether a plant cultivar selected to resist a pathogen shows better establishment in semi-natural plant communities than a susceptible cultivar. At two sites where L. perenne was already present, the addition of L. perenne seeds had no significant effect on the shoot biomass of the species, indicating that these populations were not seed limited. Exposure to the pathogen resulted in disease, and infected L. perenne populations showed increased shoot biomass over the course of the 3 year experiment and at harvest the final year, but no effect on seed production. Reproductive allocation was not affected by disease exposure in disturbed plots, but decreased in the presence of disease in undisturbed plots. The increased biomass observed in the semi-natural plant communities when exposed to the pathogen contrasts with the reduced biomass observed in garden experiments when the two cultivars of L. perenne were exposed to pathogen attack. The surprising positive effect of P. coronata on biomass in semi-natural communities indicates that processes here are more complex than in more intensively managed production systems.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Poaceae; plant pathogen; crown rust; perennial rye-grass; plant competition; plant establishment; plant disease; soil disturbance; plant growth; plant reproduction; plant introduction; Puccinia coronata; semi-natural grassland; plant-pathogen interaction; Lolium perenne

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 56
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.593-604,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Erneberg M

• University of Copenhagen, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark

autor

Strandberg B.

autor

Strandberg M.

autor

Jensen B.D.

autor

Weiner J.

Bibliografia

• Agrawal A.A. 2000 – Overcompensation of plants in response to herbivory and the byproduct benefits of mutualism – Trends Plant Sci. 5: 309–313.
• Bradshaw A.D. 1959 – Population differentiation in Agrostis tennuis Sibth II. The incidence and significance of infection by Epichloe typhina – New Phyt. 58: 310–315.
• Braithwaite R.W., Lonsdale W.M., Estbergs J.A. 1989 – Alien vegetation and native biota in tropical Australia: the impact of Mimosa pigra – Biol. Conserv. 48: 189–210.
• Burdon J.J., Chilvers G.A. 1982 – Host density as a factor in plant disease ecology – Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 20: 143–166.
• Burke M.J.W., Grime J.P. 1996 – An experimental study of plant community invasibility – Ecology, 77: 776–790.
• Callaway R.M., Thelen G.C., Rodriguez A., Holben W.E. 2004 – Soil biota and exotic plant invasion – Nature, 427: 731–733.
• Catherall P.L. 1966 – Effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on the growth and yield of single plants and simulated swards of perennial ryegrass – Ann. Appl. Biol. 57: 155–162.
• Catherall P.L., Parry A.L. 1987 – Effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on some varieties of Italian, hybrid and perennial ryegrasses and their implications for grass breeders – Plant Pathol. 36: 148–153.
• Chin K.M., Wolfe M.S. 1984 – The spread of Erysiphe graminis f.sp hordei in mixtures of barley varieties – Plant Pathol. 33: 89–100.
• Christiansen M.S. 1977 – Græsser i farver. Politikens Forlag, Copenhagen. (in Danish)
• Clay K. 1984 – The effect of the fungus Atkinsonella hypoxylon (Clavicipitaceae) on the reproductive system and demography of the grass Danthonia spicata – New Phytol. 98: 165–175.
• Clay K. 1990 – Fungal endophytes of grasses – Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21: 275–297.
• Crawley M.J. 1987 – What makes a community invasible? (In: Colonisation, Succession and Stability Eds. A.J. Gray M.J. Crawley and P.J. Edwards.) – Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp. 429–453.
• Dumsday J.L., Smith K.F., Forster J.W., Jones E.S. 2003 – SSR-based genetic linkage analysis of resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata fsp. lolii) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) – Plant Pathol. 52: 628–637.
• Eshed N., Dinoor A. 1980 – Genetics of pathogenicity in Puccinia coronata: Pathogenic specialization at the host genus level – Phytopathol. 70: 1042–1046.
• Eviner V.T., Chapin F.S. 2003 – Gopherplant-fungal interactions affects establishment of an invasive grass – Ecology, 84: 120–128.
• Fenner M. 1978 – A comparison of the abilities of colonizers and closed-turf species to establish from seed in artificial swards – J. Ecol. 66: 953–963.
• Fowler N.L. 1986 – Microsite requirements for germination and establishment of three grass species – Am. Midl. Nat. 115: 131–145.
• Frederiksen S. 1981 – Poaceae (In: Dansk Feltflora, Ed. Hansen K.) – Gyldendal, Viborg, pp. 640–687. (in Danish).
• García-Guzmán G., Burdon J.J., Ash J.E., Cunningham R.B. 1996a – Regional and local patterns in the spatial distribution of the flower-infecting smut fungus Sporisorium amphilophis in natural populations of its host Bothriochloa macra – New Phytol. 132: 459–469.
• García-Guzmán G., Burdon J.J., Nicholls A.O. 1996b – Effects of the systemic flower infecting-smut Ustilago bullata on the growth and competitive ability of the grass Bromus catharticus – J. Ecol. 84: 657–665.
• Gäuman E. 1959 – Die Rostpilze Mitteleuropas – Büchler and Co, Bern. (in German).
• Goslee S.C., Peters D.P.C., Beck K.G. 2001 – Modelling invasive weeds in grasslands: the role of allelopathy in Acroptilon repens invasion – Ecol. Model. 139: 31–45.
• Hansen L.B., Siegismund H.R., Jørgensen R.B. 2001 – Introgression between oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and its weedy relative B. rapa L. in a natural population – Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 48: 621–627.
• Hierro J.L., Callaway R.M. 2003 – Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion – Plant and Soil, 256: 29–39.
• Jonasson S. 1983 – The point intercept method for non-destructive estimation of biomass – Phytoecologia, 11: 385–388.
• Jonasson S. 1988 – Evaluation of the point intercept method for the estimation of plant biomass – Oikos, 52: 101–106.
• Krauss J., Harri S.A., Bush L., Husi R., Bigler L., Power S.A., Müller C.B. 2007 – Effects of fertilizer, fungal endophytes and plant cultivar on the performance of insect herbivores and their natural enemies – Funct. Ecol. 21: 107–116.
• Kuehl R.O. 2000 – Design of experiments. Statistical principles of research design and analyses, 2nd edn – Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove.
• Lancashire J.A.L., Latch G.C.M. 1966 – Some effects of crown rust (Puccinia coronata Corda) on the growth of two ryegrass varieties in New Zealand – Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 9: 628–640.
• Lauenroth W.K., Sala O.E., Coffin D.P., Kirchner T.B. 1994 – The importance of soil water in the recruitment of Bouteloua gracilis in the shortgrass steppe – Ecol. Applic. 4: 741–749.
• Mack R.N., Erneberg M. 2002 – The United States naturalized flora: Largely the product of deliberate introductions – Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89: 176–189.
• Mattner S.W., Parbery D.G. 2001 – Rustenhanced allelopathy of perennial ryegrass against white clover – Agron. Jour. 93: 54–59.
• Morrison J.A. 1996 – Infection of Juncus dichotomus by the smut fungus Cintractia junci: an experimental field test of the effects of neighbouring plants, environment, and host plant genotype – J. Ecol. 84: 691–702.
• Paige K.N. 1999 – Regrowth following ungulate herbivory in Ipomopsis aggregata: geographic evidence for overcompensation – Oecologia, 118: 316–323.
• Paul N.D., Ayers P.G. 1987 – Water stress modifies intraspecific interference between rust (Puccinia lagenophore Cooke)-infected and healthy groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) – New Phytol. 106: 555–566.
• Pedersen A. 1974 – Gramineernes udbredelse i Danmark. Spontane og naturaliserede arter – Botanisk Tidsskrift, 68: 251–252. (in Danish).
• Plummer R.M., Hall R.L., Watt T.A. 1990 – The influence of crown rust (Puccinia coronata) on tiller production and survival of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants in simulated swards – Grass Forage Sci. 45: 9–16.
• Potter L.R. 1987 – Effect of crown rust on regrowth, competitive ability and nutritional quality of perennial and Italian ryegrasses – Plant Pathol. 36: 455–461.
• Roelfs, A.P., and Martell, L.B. 1984 – Uredospore dispersal from a point source within a wheat canopy – Phytopathology, 74: 1262–1267.
• Rogers H.J., Parkers H.C. 1995 – Transgenic plants and the environment – J. Exp. Bot. 46: 467–488.
• Simberloff D., Von Holle B. 1999 – Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown? – Biological Invasions, 1: 21–32.
• Simons M.D. 1970 – Crown rust of oats and grasses – Heffernan Press, Worcester.
• Spiering M.J., Greer D.H., Schmid J.A.N. 2006 – Effects of the fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, on net photosynthesis and growth rates of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are independent of in planta endophyte concentration – Ann. Bot. 98: 379–387.
• Takahashi Y., Otani I., Uozumi S., Yoden Y., Igarashi R. 1988 – Studies on allelopathic interactions among some grassland species. I. Effect of root exudates from some grass and legume species on the growth of their own species and other species – J. Jap. Soc. Grass. Sci. 33: 338–344.
• Takahashi Y., Otani I., Uozumi S., Yoden Y., Igarashi R. 1991 – Studies on allelopathic interactions among some grassland species. II. Assessment of the allelopathic interaction between Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. using a root exudate recirculating system – J. Jap. Soc. Grass. Sci. 37: 274–282.
• Vandeleur R.K., Gill G.S. 2004 – The impact of plant breeding on the grain yield and competitive ability of wheat in Australia – Aust. J. Agric. Res. 55: 855–861.
• Walker L.R., Vitousek P.M. 1991 – An invader alters germination and growth of a native dominant tree in Hawaii – Ecology, 72: 1449–1455.
• Wardle D.A., Nilsson M.C., Gallet C., Zackrisson O. 1998 – An ecosystem level perspective of allelopathy – Biol. Rev. 73: 305–319.
• Wennström A., Ericson L. 1990 – The interaction between the clonal herb Trientalis europaea and the host specific smut fungus Urocystis trientalis – Oecologia, 85: 238–240.
• Wennström A., Ericson L. 1991 – Variation in disease incidence in grazed and ungrazed sites for the system Pulsatilla pratensis-Puccinia pulsatillae – Oikos, 60: 35–39.