Rola kalpain w procesie kruszenia miesa

• Autorzy: Nowak M

Warianty tytułu

EN

The role of calpains in the meat tenderization process

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Kruchość mięsa oraz czynniki na nią wpływające od dawna są przedmiotem badań. Istnieje kilka teorii wyjaśniających proces kruszenia mięsa. Za najbardziej prawdopodobną uznana została kalpainowa teoria tenderyzacji. Kalpainy spełniają podstawowe kryteria stawiane czynnikom wpływającym na proces kruszenia mięsa. Enzymy te są obecne w komórce mięśniowej, a w doświadczeniach przeprowadzanych in vitro prowadzą do tych samych produktów degradacji białek, jakie wykrywane są w mięsie po okresie dojrzewania. Mają one dostęp do miofibryli w komórce. Aktywność kalpain oraz stosunek aktywności kalpainy do aktywnocśi kalpastatyny są skorelowane z twardością mięsa. Im wyższa jest aktywność kalpain i im wyższy stosunek kalpaina/kalpastatyna, tym bardziej kruche mięso otrzymuje się. Warunki w jakich enzymy te wykazują aktywności zbliżone do warunków panujących w tkance mięśniowej po śmierci zwierzęcia. Na aktywność kalpain w mięsie działają zarówno czynniki przyżyciowe, w tym genetyczne, jak i pośmiertne. Mimo, że mechanizm działania kalpain nie jest całkowicie wyjaśniony, na podstawie wyników licznych doświadczeń można stwierdzić, że kalpainy pełnią ważną rolę w procesie tenderyzacji mięsa. W artykule scharakteryzowano kalpainy i opisano niektóre z czynników wpływających na ich aktywność.

EN

Meat tenderness and factors influencing it have been investigated for a long time. There are several theories explaining the process of meat tenderization. The calpain theory of tenderization has been accepted as the most feasible one. Calpains meet the basic criteria defined for factors that impact meat tenderization. These enzymes are present in a muscle cell, and in vitro experiments, when calpains are used, there are detected the same protein degradation products as in the meat after its raping. Calpains have access to myofibrils in cells. The activeness of calpains and the ratio between it and the calpastatin are correlated with the meat hardness. The higher the hardness of meat and the higher the ratio: calpain to calpastatin, the more tender meat can be obtained. Conditions under which these enzymes are active are close to conditions in the meat tissue after the death of animal. The calpain activity depends both on the survival, including genetic, and the post-mortem factors. Although the mechanism of calpain activity has not been satisfactorily explained so far, but on the basis of results obtained, it can be concluded that they play an important role in the meat tenderization process. In this paper, calpains are characterized and some factors influencing their activeness are described.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

kruszenie miesa zob.tenderyzacja; tenderyzacja; kalpainy; kruchosc miesa; zwierzeta rzezne; czynniki przyzyciowe; czynniki poubojowe; jakosc miesa

EN

tenderization process; calpain; meat fragility; slaughter animal; intravital factor; post-slaughter factor; meat quality

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Żywność Nauka Technologia Jakość
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 12
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: s.5-17,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Nowak M

• Katedra Przetwórstwa Produktów Zwierzęcych, Akademia Rolnicza, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków

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