Concentrations of dust, allergens and endotoxin in stables, living rooms and mattresses from cattle farmers in Southern Bavaria

• Autorzy: Berger I. , Schierl R. , Ochmann U. , Egger U. , Scharrer E. , Nowak D.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Agricultural work is considered to be a major risk factor for occupational diseases. In particular, allergic reactions to cow dander cause numerous cases of airway disorders. We measured the concentration of allergens (e.g. Bos d2, Der p1) and endotoxin in the stables, living-rooms and mattresses of 46 farmers with a diagnosis of occupational asthma or allergic rhinitis caused by cow dander allergen. The concentration of cow dander allergen was highest in stables (median 20,400 µg/g) but also noticeable in dust samples from living-rooms (median 155 µg/g) and mattresses (median 195 µg/g). The sensitization threshold (20-50 µg/g) was exceeded in most cases. Thus, allergen transport from the stables to bed must be prevented by optimizing the hygiene of farmers and family members.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

living room; Bavaria; cow allergen; cattle farmer; house dust; concentration; Germany; dust; mite allergen; mattress; allergen; endotoxin

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 12
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.101-107,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Berger I.

• Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

autor

Schierl R.

autor

Ochmann U.

autor

Egger U.

autor

Scharrer E.

autor

Nowak D.

Bibliografia

• 1. Arshad SH, Bateman B, Matthews SM: Primary prevention of asthma and atopy during childhood by allergen avoidance in infancy: a randomised controlled study. Thorax 2003, 58, 489-493.
• 2. Arshad SH, Bojarskas J, Tsitoura S, Matthews S, Mealy B, Dean T, Karmaus W, Frischer T, Kuehr J, Forster J: Prevention of sensitization to house dust mite by allergen avoidance in school age children: a randomized controlled study. Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32, 843-849.
• 3. BIA-Arbeitsmappe: BIA-Arbeitsmappe Messung von Gefahrstoffen 2004.
• 4. Bottcher MF, Bjorksten B, Gustafson S, Voor T, Jenmalm MC: Endotoxin levels in Estonian and Swedish house dust and atopy in infancy. Clin Exp Allergy 2003, 33, 295-300.
• 5. Braun-Fahrlander C, Riedler J, Herz U, Eder W, Waser M, Grize L, Maisch S, Carr D, Gerlach F, Bufe A, Lauener RP, Schierl R, Renz H, Nowak D, von Mutius E: Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school-age children. N Engl J Med 2002, 347, 869-877.
• 6. Chapman MD, Heymann PW, Sporik RB, Platts-Mills TA: Monitoring allergen exposure in asthma: new treatment strategies. Allergy 1995, 50, 29-33.
• 7. Custovic A, Simpson A, Pahdi H, Green RM, Chapman MD, Woodcock A: Distribution, aerodynamic characteristics, and removal of the major cat allergen Fel d 1 in British homes. Thorax 1998, 53, 33-38.
• 8. Danuser B, Weber C, Kunzli N, Schindler C, Nowak D: Respiratory symptoms in Swiss farmers: an epidemiological study of risk factors. Am J Ind Med 2001, 39, 410-418.
• 9. DECOS: Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards. Health based recommended exposure limit: Endotoxins. Rijswijk, Netherlands 1998.
• 10. Deppe U, Fortmeier B, Liesen H, Westermann B, Müseken H, Bergmann KC: Langzeitstabilität des Rindermajorallergens Bos d 2 im Hausstaub von Landwirten. Allergologie 1998, 8, 366-370.
• 11. Eduard W, Douwes J, Mehl R, Heederik D, Melbostad E: Short term exposure to airborne microbial agents during farm work: exposureresponse relations with eye and respiratory symptoms. Occup Environ Med 2001, 58, 113-118.
• 12. Enberg RN, Shamie SM, McCullough J, Ownby DR: Ubiquitous presence of cat allergen in cat-free buildings: probable dispersal from human clothing. Ann Allergy 1993, 70, 471-474. Concentrations of dust, allergens and endotoxin in stables, living rooms and mattresses from cattle farmers in southern Bavaria 107
• 13. Hinze S, Bergmann KC, Lowenstein H, Nordskov Hansen GN: Bestimmung und Bewertung des Rindermajorallergens Bos d 2 im Hausstaub von Rinderhaarasthmatikern. Allergo J 1996, 5, 25-30.
• 14. Hinze S, Bergmann KC, Lowenstein H, Hansen GN: [Different threshold concentrations for sensitization by cattle hair allergen Bos d 2 in atopic and non-atopic farmers]. Pneumologie 1996, 50, 177-181.
• 15. Hinze S, Bergmann KC, Lowenstein H, Hansen GN: [Different threshold concentrations for sensitization by cattle hair allergen Bos d 2 in atopic and non-atopic farmers]. Pneumologie 1996, 50, 177-181.
• 16. Iversen M, Dahl R, Korsgaard J, Hallas T, Jensen EJ: Respiratory symptoms in Danish farmers: an epidemiological study of risk factors. Thorax 1988, 43, 872-877.
• 17. Kogevinas M, Anto JM, Sunyer J, Tobias A, Kromhout H, Burney P: Occupational asthma in Europe and other industrialised areas: a population-based study. European Community Respiratory Health Survey Study Group. Lancet 1999, 353, 1750-1754.
• 18. Kronqvist M, Johansson E, Pershagen G, Johansson SG, van Hage-Hamsten M: Risk factors associated with asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis among Swedish farmers. Allergy 1999, 54, 1142-1149.
• 19. Luczynska CM, Arruda LK, Platts-Mills TA, Miller JD, Lopez M, Chapman MD: A two-site monoclonal antibody ELISA for the quantification of the major Dermatophagoides spp. allergens, Der p I and Der f I. J Immunol Methods 1989, 118, 227-235.
• 20. Matheson MC, Dharmage SC, Forbes AB, Raven JM, Woods RK, Thien FC, Guest DI, Rolland JM, Haydn Walters E, Abramson MJ: Residential characteristics predict changes in Der p 1, Fel d 1 and ergosterol but not fungi over time. Clin Exp Allergy 2003, 33, 1281-1288.
• 21. Michel O, Kips J, Duchateau J, Vertongen F, Robert L, Collet H, Pauwels R, Sergysels R: Severity of asthma is related to endotoxin in house dust. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996, 154, 1641-1646.
• 22. Monso E, Schenker M, Radon K, Riu E, Magarolas R, McCurdy S, Danuser B, Iversen M, Saiki C, Nowak D: Region-related risk factors for respiratory symptoms in European and Californian farmers. Eur Respir J 2003, 21, 323-331.
• 23. Muller-Wening D, Neuhauss M: Protective effect of respiratory devices in farmers with occupational asthma. Eur Respir J 1998, 12, 569-572.
• 24. Ormstad H, Groeng EC, Duffort O, Lovik M: The effect of endotoxin on the production of IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against the cat allergen Fel d 1 in mice. Toxicology 2003, 188, 309-318.
• 25. Parvaneh S, Johansson E, Elfman LH, van Hage-Hamsten M: An ELISA for recombinant Lepidoglyphus destructor, Lep d 2, and the monitoring of exposure to dust mite allergens in farming households. Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32, 80-86.
• 26. Parvaneh S, Kronqvist M, Johansson E, van Hage-Hamsten M: Exposure to an abundance of cat (Fel d 1) and dog (Can f 1) allergens in Swedish farming households. Allergy 1999, 54, 229-234.
• 27. Peroni DG, Piacentini GL, Costella S, Pietrobelli A, Bodini A, Loiacono A, Aralla R, Boner AL: Mite avoidance can reduce air trapping and airway inflammation in allergic asthmatic children. Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32, 850-855.
• 28. Radon K, Danuser B, Iversen M, Monso E, Weber C, Hartung J, Donham K, Palmgren U, Nowak D: Air contaminants in different European farming environments. Ann Agric Environ Med 2002, 9, 41-48.
• 29. Radon K, Monso E, Weber C, Danuser B, Iversen M, Opravil U, Donham K, Hartung J, Pedersen S, Garz S, Blainey D, Rabe U, Nowak D: Prevalence and risk factors for airway diseases in farmers – summary of results of the European Farmers’ Project. Ann Agric Environ Med 2002, 9, 207-213.
• 30. Radon K, Schottky A, Garz S, Koops F, Szadkowski D, Nowak D, Luczynska C: Distribution of dust-mite allergens (Lep d 2, Der p 1, Der f 1, Der 2) in pig-farming environments and sensitization of the respective farmers. Allergy 2000, 55, 219-225.
• 31. Sanda T, Yasue T, Oohashi M, Yasue A: Effectiveness of house dust-mite allergen avoidance through clean room therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992, 89, 653-657.
• 32. Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Muhl S, Rumpold H, Ebner H, Ebner C: Characterization of allergens from deer: cross-reactivity with allergens from cow dander. Clin Exp Allergy 1997, 27, 196-200.
• 33. Taivainen AI, Tukiainen HO, Terho EO, Husman KR: Powered dust respirator helmets in the prevention of occupational asthma among farmers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1998, 24, 503-507.
• 34. Tutluoglu B, Atis S, Anakkaya AN, Altug E, Tosun GA, Yaman M: Sensitization to horse hair, symptoms and lung function in grooms. Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32, 1170-1173.
• 35. Virtanen T, Vilhunen P, Husman K, Happonen P, Mantyjarvi R: Level of airborne bovine epithelial antigen in Finnish cowsheds. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1988, 60, 355-360.
• 36. Waser M, Schierl R, von Mutius E, Maisch S, Carr D, Riedler J, Eder W, Schreuer M, Nowak D, Braun-Fahrlander C: Determinants of endotoxin levels in living environments of farmers’ children and their peers from rural areas. Clin Exp Allergy 2004, 34, 389-397