Budowa, struktura i dynamika drzewostanow dolnoreglowych o charakterze pierwotnym w rezerwacie Lopuszna

• Autorzy: Jaworski A , Skrzyszewski J.
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W pracy przeprodzono analizy zmian min.: zasobności, składu gatunkowego, budowy oraz struktury, jakie zaszły w latach 1981-1991 w trzech dolnoreglowych drzewostanach. Należą one do jednych z najzasobniejszych (614-742 m³/ha) pralasów w Karpatach Zachodnich. Stwierdzone zmiany składu gatunkowego wskazują na zwiększenie się udziału buka a zmniejszenie jodły i świerka.

EN

In 1981 in the area of the Łopuszna nature reserve (Gorce Mountain National Park) 3 permanent sample plots were established in the stands of the lower montane forest zone (Table 1, figs 1,2 ). 10 years later, in 1991, control measurements were carried out there in order to estimate the occurring processes desisive for the dynamics and street u re of the stands. The obtained results were compared with the data recorder both in Łopuszna in 1981 [5] and in other Carpathian primitive forests. This chiefly concerns the stand volume. The volume was calculated using 3 methods differing by the determination of the tree height. In method f the equaled curve was calculated according to Michajlov's function [10] Tor each of 3 layers of the stand, determined on basis of IUFRO classification for each species separately (from the thickness of 6 cm). In method II determination of stand volume was based on (he total volume of single trees This was possible since the height of all the trees was measured. In the case method III the height of trees was determined on the basis оf one equated curve of height of all the measured trees for each species separately. The Łopuszna I stand was characterized by the constitution and structure characteristic for (he final stages of the maturation stage and the phase of selection cutting. During the decade the stand showed an increase in volume (method I) from 586 m³/ha to 614 m³/ha (Table 2). Although the two remaining stands represented an optimum stage with the phases of ageing and regeneration, they showed a different tendency in the development of the growing stock. In the Łopuszna III stand a decrease in the volume from 752 m³/ha to 742 m³/ha was typical for the stage and phase mentioned above. In the Łopuszna II stand the volume increased from 677 m3/ha to 694 m³/ha (Table 2) (cf also Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6). In the investigated forests spruce found the best conditions of growth expressed by the index of stand quality classification (index I-II/III), followed by fir (I/II-III), while beech found the poorest conditions (III) (Table 1). The share of beech rose in the all the sample plots, this concerning both the number of trees and their volume. With respect to voluminal share the Łopuszna I and II stands became beech forests (the share of beech amunting to 82 and 79%) with an admixture of fir (8,1% and 12%) and spruce (10% and 9%) (Table 2). In the Łopuszna II plot a fir-beech-spruce stand developed (Table 2) with the voluminal share of fir and spruce diminishing (Table 2). The Łopuszna I stand developed the distribution of diameters at breast height with a modal value at the beginning of the system and a type I(J) Pearsons's curve (fig. 3, Table 7). In Pearson's aspect the same structure of the distribution of diameters but with two modal values developed in the Łopuszna III plot (fig. 8, Table 7). The natural stand reconstruction occurring in the Łopuszna 11 plot, associated with the intense invasion of beech, was manifested by a characteristic distribution of diameters which was a combination of the normal distribution (an overmature stand of basically one-storied constitution) with an addition of a generation of the invading ingrowth chiefly composed of beech (Table 7, fig. 7) (cf also figs 4, 5, and 6). The greatest differentiation on tree height expressed by the variability coefficients (Table 8) was found in the Łopuszna I stand (0.41) and a slightly smaller ones in the alike stands of Łopuszna II (0-35) and Łopuszna III (0.33) (cf also figs 9-15, Tables 10, 11, and 12). Analysis of deadwood (Table 9) carried out in 1991 showed that in this respect fir dominated in the Łopuszna If plot (69.6% of the total volume of standing deadwood), beech in Łopuszna I (42.6%), and spruce in Łopuszna III (44.8%) (Table 10) (also cf Tables 11 and 12). The estimate of tree quality showed a considerable part of usable assortment corresponding to sawmill timber (categories A + R + C) (Table 13). Trees of these categories constituted 63.2%, 82.6%, and 76. 3% of the total number of trees in the given layer on plots I, II, and III, respectively. Spruce showed the best quality on plots 1 and II and fir on plot 111 (Table 13). In respect of this trait beech was found inferior as compared with the above two species. In the upper layer of the stand the quality of beech trunks (categories A + B) depends upon the density of the forest (number of trees, with the share of beech prevailing) on two sample plots (Table 13). Data concerning the regeneration are given in Tables 14 and 15. A very small share of younger and older fir upgrowth (from the height оf 0.5 m to D В H. of 5.9 em) and a sporadic occurrence of higher upgrowth (d1.3 6.0-7.9 em) in the stand is striking. The results of investigation permitted to formulate the following conclusions: Besides the a stands of the Mount Babia Góra region, the investigated forests are among the Carpathian forests of virgin character where the greatest growing stock is encountered. The optimum conditions of growth of the Carpathian beech community were found in the Gorce rang. Analysis of stand volume, deadwood volume, lying trees, regeneration, and the dynamics of these traits suggest changes occurring in the Species composition, i.e. an increase in the share of beech and the diminishing percentage of fir and spruce. This observation was also made in a different part оf the Carpathians. The losses in fir populations associated with its decline and with the grazing on its new growth and upgrowth may result in the disappearance of this species from the Carpathian lower mountain forest zone. The method used in the work of determining the stand quality classification on the basis of upper height, is an objective measure of the growth potential of the investigated tree species.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Gorczanski Park Narodowy; lesnictwo; lasy; las pierwotny; lasy gorskie; struktura drzewostanu; budowa drzewostanu; zasobnosc drzewostanu; dynamika drzewostanu; sklad gatunkowy; zmiany skladu gatunkowego; regiel dolny; rezerwat Lopuszna

EN

Gorce National Park; forestry; forest; mountain forest; stand structure; tree stand resource; stand dynamics; species composition; species composition change; lower mountain zone

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris
• Rocznik: 1995
• Tom: 33
• Opis fizyczny: s.3-37,fot.,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Jaworski A

autor

Skrzyszewski J.

Bibliografia

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