The impact of nickel on human health

• Autorzy: Duda-Chodak A , Blaszczyk U.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wplyw niklu na zdrowie czlowieka

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In 2008, nickel received the shameful name of the “Allergen of the Year.” According to dermatologists the frequency of nickel allergies is still growing, and it cannot be explained only by fashionable piercing and nickel devices used in medicine (like coronary stents). Occupational exposure of several million workers worldwide has been shown to give rise to elevated levels of nickel in blood, urine and body tissues. In these cases, workers are exposed to airborne fumes and dusts containing nickel and its compounds and therefore inhalation is the main route of uptake. Nonoccupational sources of nickel exposure for the general population include mainly drinking water and food. Recently, tests of kitchen kettles showed substantial leaching of nickel into drinking water when boiled in kettles with exposed nickel-plated elements. Three types of adverse health impacts as a result of exposure to nickel are discussed in the text. Acute health effects generally result from short-term exposure to high concentrations of pollutants. Chronic noncancer health effects may result from long-term exposure to relatively low concentrations of pollutants. Inhalation of nickel also can cause cancer of the lungs, nose and sinuses. Cancers of the throat and stomach have also been attributed to inhalation of nickel. However, the exact mechanism by which nickel causes cancer is still questionable and needs further investigation. The most popular hypotheses to explain this phenomenon are presented in the text.

PL

W 2008 nikiel zyskał niechlubne miano „alergenu roku”. Według dermatologów, wciąż rosnąca częstość alergii na nikiel nie może być tłumaczona jedynie modą na przekłuwanie ciała lub zwiększone zastosowanie w medycynie urządzeń zawierających nikiel (np. stenty naczyń wieńcowych). Wykazano, że kilka milionów robotników na całym świecie narażonych zawodowo na nikiel i jego związki, ma podwyższony poziom tego pierwiastka we krwi, moczu i tkankach organizmu. W tych przypadkach pracownicy są wystawieni na opary i pyły zawierające nikiel, a zatem głównym sposobem pobierania tego pierwiastka jest inhalacja. Dla większości populacji źródła niklu stanowią jednak woda pitna i żywność. Niedawno w testach czajników kuchennych z odsłoniętymi elementami grzewczymi, wykonanymi ze stopów niklu wykazano uwalnianie znacznych ilości niklu do wody pitnej. W pracy omówiono trzy główne typy szkodliwego dla zdrowia wpływu ekspozycji na nikiel. Ostre zatrucia, jako wynik krótkoterminowej ekspozycji na wysokie stężenia polutantów, chroniczne nienowotworowe efekty powstające na skutek długotrwałej ekspozycji na stosunkowo niskie dawki oraz nowotwory płuc, nosa i zatok spowodowane inhalacją powietrza zanieczyszczonego niklem. Również rak gardła i żołądka przypisuje się wdychaniu związków niklu. Dokładny mechanizm kancerogenezy wywołanej przez nikiel pozostaje niejasny i wymaga dalszych badań. W pracy omówiono najbardziej popularne hipotezy wyjaśniające to zjawisko.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

human health; nickel; nickel source; nickel exposure; toxicity; carcinogenesis; occupational exposure; drinking water; food; health impact

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Elementology
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 13
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.685-693,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Duda-Chodak A

• Agricultural University in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland

autor

Blaszczyk U.

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