Selected ionic components of the marine aerosol over the Gulf of Gdańsk

• Autorzy: Nadstazik A. , Falkowska L.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Aerosol samples were collected in May 1997 at a routine off-shore measurement station in the Gdańsk Deep region and at Hel, the latter being a coastal station situated at the tip of the Hel Peninsula. Concentrations of NO− 3 , Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ were measured simultaneously at both stations. The sea influences the chemical composition of aerosols in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk regardless of season, time of day or direction of advection. Sodium chloride was always present in aerosols in the form of large particles originating from seawater. Besides the marine chloride and nitrate, additional amounts of these ions could have been of terrigenous origin. Sodium and chloride concentrations were dominant in the total mass of aerosols at both stations; however, these concentrations were three times higher at the marine station. Similarly, the concentrations of ions originating from seawater, like magnesium and calcium, were, on average, three times higher at the marine station. The chemical composition of aerosols and air over the Gulf of Gdańsk was modified through the evaporation of chloride from the marine salt particles in reactions with gaseous nitric and sulphuric acids. A certain deficit of chloride versus sodium ions was noted. At the marine station the Cl−/Na+ ratio reached 0.89 ± 0.2, on average, while over the land station it was 0.93 ± 0.25, i.e. lower than the seawater standard.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Gdansk Deep; aerosol origin; coastal station; Hel; Gdansk Gulf; marine aerosol; macroelement; nitrate; chloride loss

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.23-37,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Nadstazik A.

• University of Gdansk, al.Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland

autor

Falkowska L.

Bibliografia

• Alfa, 1992, Water and wastes. Determination of pollutants in atmospheric precipitation. Analysis of the sum of nitrite and nitrate ions and nitrite ions by colorimetric method, PN–91/C–04642/05, Wyd. Norm., 1–4, (in Polish).
• Artaxo P., Hansson H.C., 1995, Size distribution of biogenic aerosol particles from the Amazon Basin, Atm. Environm., 29, 393–402.
• Behlen A., 1996, Reaktive Stickstoffverbindungen in der Atmosph¨are – trockene Deposition auf Natursteine, Dissertation, Hamburg Univ., 7–50.
• De Bock L.A., Van Malderen H., Van Grieken R.E., 1994, Individual aerosol particle composition variations in air masses crossing the North Sea, Environm. Sci. Technol., 28, 1513–1520.
• EMEP, 1977, Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe, Manual for sampling and chemical analysis, Chem., 3, 122–126.
• Fitzgerald J.W., 1991, Marine aerosols: A review, Atm. Environm., 25A, 533–545.
• Grasshoff K., EhrhardtM., Kremling K., 1983,Methods of seawater analysis, Verlag Chem., Weinheim, 150–157.
• Harrison R.M., Msibi I.M., 1994, Validation of techniques for fast-response measurements of HNO3 and NH3 and determination of NH3 and HNO3 concentration product, Atm. Environm., 28, 247–255.
• Harrison R.M., Pio C.A., 1983, Size – differentiated composition of inorganic atmospheric aerosols of both marine and polluted continental origin, Atm. Environm., 22, 1733–1783.
• Hillamo R. E., Kauppinen E. I., 1991, Size distributions of inorganic ions in atmospheric aerosol in Norway, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 14, 33–47.
• Hillamo R., Pakkanen T., M¨akinen M., Kerminen V.M., 1993, Inorganic ions in the tropospheric aerosol: interpretation of size distribution data, Rep. Ser. Aerosol Sci. 21, Finn. Assoc. Aerosol Res., Helsinki, 17–27.
• Hoppel W.A., Frick G.M., 1990, Submicron aerosol size distribution measured over the tropical and South Pacific, Atm. Environm., 24 A, 645–659.
• John W., Wall S.M., Ondo J., 1988, A new method for nitric acid and nitrate aerosol measurement using the dichotomous sampler, Atm. Environm., 22, 1627–1635.
• MacIntyre F., 1974, The Sea, Wiley & Sons, New York, 245–299.
• Mészáros E., G¨otzG ., Vali G., 1991, Atmospheric particles and nuclei, Akad. Kiad´o., Budapest, 30–65.
• Mészáros A., Vissy K., 1974, Concentration, size distribution and chemical nature of atmospheric aerosol particles in remote ocean areas, J. Aerosol Sci., 5, 101–109.
• Monahan S.E., 1986, The ocean as a source for atmospheric particles, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 22–29.
• Nadstazik A., 1999, The influence of land and sea on chemical composition of aerosols in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk, Ph. D. thesis, Inst. Oceanogr., Uniw. Gdańsk, Gdynia, (in Polish).
• Ottley O. J., Harrison R.M., Asman W.A.H.R.M., 1994, Estimation of the net air – sea flux of ammonia over the southern bight of the North Sea, Atm. Environm., 28, 3647–3654.
• Pakkanen T.A., 1995, Study of formation of coarse particle nitrate aerosol, Atm. Environm., 30, 2475–2482.
• Parungo F.P., Nagamoto C.T., Madel R., Rosiński J., Haagenson P. L., 1987, Marine aerosols in Pacific upwelling regions, J. Aerosol Sci., 18, 277–290.
• Parungo F.P., Nagamoto C.T., Rosiński J., Haagenson P. L., 1986, A Study of Marine Aerosols over the Pacific Ocean, J. Atm. Chem., 4, 199–226.
• Pio C.A., Harrison R.W., 1987, Vapour pressure of ammonium chloride aerosol: effect of temperature and humidity, Atm. Environm., 21, 2711–2715.
• Pio C.A., Nunes T.V., Leal R.M., 1992, Kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour of volatile ammonium compounds in industrial and marine atmospheres, Atm. Environm., 26A, 3, 505–512.
• Plate E., SchulzM ., 1997, Coarse nitrate formation in a coastal area of the North Sea, J. Aerosol Sci., 28, 333–334.
• Riley J.R., Skirrow G. (eds.), 1975, Chemical Oceanography, Acad. Press, London–New York, 2nd edn., 1, App. 2.
• Seinfeld J. H., 1986, Atmospheric chemistry and physics of air pollution, Wiley Int. Publ., California, 23–26.
• Sievering H., Boatman J., Galloway J., Keene W., Kim Y., Luria M., Ray J., 1991, Heterogeneous sulphur conversion in sea – salt aerosol particles: the role of aerosol water content and size distribution, Atm. Environm., 25, 1479–1487.
• Sopauskiene D., Budvytyte D., 1994, Chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol in rural site of Lithuania, Atm. Environm., 28, 1291–1296.
• Stelson A.W., Seinfeld J.H., 1982, Relative humidity and temperature dependence of the ammonium nitrate dissociation constant, Atm. Environm., 16, 983–992.
• Suzuki T., Tsunogai S., 1988, Origin of calcium in aerosols over the Western North Pacific, Atm. Chem., 6, 363–374.
• Wall S.M., John W., Ondo J. L., 1988, Measurement of aerosol size distribution for nitrate and major ionic species, Atm. Environm., 22, 1649–1656.