The earliest annelids: Lower Cambrian polychaetes from the Sirius Passet Lagerstatte, Peary Land, North Greenland

• Autorzy: Morris S C , Peel J.S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Apart from the Phyllopod Bed of the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian) polychaete annelids are practically unknown from any of the Cambrian Lagerstätten. This is surprising both because their diversity in the Burgess Shale is considerable, while to date the Chengjiang Lagerstätte which is equally impressive in terms of faunal diversity has no reliable records of any annelids. Here we describe, on the basis of about 40 specimens, Phragmochaeta canicularis gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of Peary Land, North Greenland. This makes it by far the oldest known polychaete, with a likely age of lower to middle Atdabanian, The body consists of approximately 20 segments, each bearing notochaetae and neurochaetae. The former appeared to have formed a felt−like covering on the dorsum, whilst the neurochaetae projected obliquely to the longitudinal axis. Apart from minor differences in chaetal size at either end there is no other tagmosis. Details of the head are obscure, and presence of palps, tentacles and eyes are conjectural. Jaws appear to have been absent. The gut was straight, and flanked by massive longitudinal musculature. P. canicularis was evidently benthic, propelling itself on the neurochaetae, with the dorsal neurochaetae conferring protection. Its stratigraphic position and generalized appearance are consistent with P. canicularis being primitive, but the phylogenetic relationships within the polychaetes remain problematic, principally because of paucity of relevant morphological information.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Polychaeta; Annelida; systematics; annelid; Greenland; polychaete annelid; paleontology; metazoan evolution; Sirius Passet Lagerstatte; Phagmochaeta canicularis; Lower Cambrian; Cambrian

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 53
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.137-148,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Morris S C

• University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, England

autor

Peel J.S.

Bibliografia

• Babcock, L.E. and Peel, J.S. (in press). Palaeobiology, taphonomy, and stratigraphic significance of the trilobite Buenellus from the Sirius Passet Biota, Cambrian of North Greenland. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists.
• Babcock, L.E., Peng, S.C., Geyer, G., and Shergold, J.H. 2005. Changing perspectives on Cambrian chronostratigraphy and progress toward subdivision of the Cambrian System. Geosciences Journal 9: 101–106.
• Bartolomaeus, T., Purschke, G., and Hausen, H. 2005. Polychaete phylogeny based on morphological data—a comparison of current attempts. Hydrobiologia 535/536: 341–356.
• Blaker, M.R. 1988. A new genus of nevadiid trilobite from the Buen Formation (Early Cambrian) of Peary Land, central North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 137: 33–41.
• Blaker, M.R. and Peel, J.S. 1997. Lower Cambrian trilobites from North Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Geoscience 35: 1–145.
• Briggs, D.E.G. and Nedin, C. 1997. The taphonomy and affinities of the problematic fossil Myoscolex from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia. Journal of Paleontology 71: 22–32.
• Budd, G.E. 1993. A Cambrian gilled lobopod from Greenland. Nature 364: 709–711.
• Budd, G.E. 1994.Cambrian Arthropods from North Greenland and their Evolutionary Significance. 235 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.
• Budd, G.E. 1995. Kleptothule rasmusseni gen et sp. nov.: an ?olenellinid-like trilobite from the Sirius Passet fauna (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, North Greenland). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Science 86: 1–12.
• Budd, G.E. 1997. Stem group arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland In: R.A. Fortey and R.H. Thomas (eds.), Arthropod Relationships. Systematics Association Special Volume Series, London 55: 125–138.
• Budd, G.E. 1998. Arthropod body−plan evolution in the Cambrian with an example from anomalocaridid muscle. Lethaia 31: 197–210.
• Budd, G.E. 1999. The morphology and phylogenetic significance of Kerygmachela kierkegaardi Budd (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, N Greenland). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Science 89: 249–290.
• Budd, G.E. and Peel, J.S. 1998. A new xenusiid lobopod from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. Palaeontology 41: 1201–1213.
• Chen, J.−Y., Zhou, G.Q., Zhu, M.Y., and Yeh, K.−Y. 1996. The Chengjiang Biota: A Unique Window of the Cambrian Explosion [in Chinese]. ix+222 pp. National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan.
• Chen, J.−Y. and Zhou, G.Q. 1997. Biology of the Chengjiang fauna. Bulletin of National Museum of Natural Science 10: 11–105.
• Conway Morris, S. 1977. Fossil priapulid worms. Special Papers in Palaeontology 20: iv, 1–95.
• Conway Morris, S. 1979. Middle Cambrian polychaetes from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 285: 227–274.
• Conway Morris, S. 1985. Middle Cambrian priapulids and other soft−bodied fossils from Utah and Spain. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 117: 1–22.
• Conway Morris, S. 1998. The Crucible of Creation. The Burgess Shale and the Rise of Animals. 242 pp. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Conway Morris, S. and Peel, J.S. 1990. Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland. Nature 345: 802–805.
• Conway Morris, S. and Peel, J.S. 1995. Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland and their role in early protostome evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 347: 305–358.
• Conway Morris, S., Peel, J.S., Higgins, A.K., Soper, N.J., and Davis, N.C. 1987. A Burgess Shale−like fauna from the Lower Cambrian of Greenland. Nature 326: 181–183.
• Dzik, J. 2004. Anatomy and relationships of the early Cambrian Myoscolex. Zoologica Scripta 33: 57–69.
• Eibye−Jacobsen, D. 2004. A re−evaluation of Wiwaxia and the polychaetes of the Burgess Shale. Lethaia 37: 317–335.
• Glaessner, M.F. 1979. Lower Cambrian Crustacea and annelid worms from Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Alcheringa 3: 21–31.
• Grube, A. 1850. Die Familien der Anneliden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 16: 249–364.
• Farrell, U.C. and Briggs, D.E.G. 2007. A pyritized polychaete from the Devonian of Ontario.Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B274: 499–504.
• Ineson, J.R. and Peel, J.S. 1997. Cambrian shelf stratigraphy of North Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 173: 1–120.
• Kielan, Z. 1960. On two olenellid trilobites from Hornsund, Vestspitsbergen. Studia Geologica Polonica 4: 83–92.
• McHugh, D. 2005. Molecular systematics of polychaetes (Annelida). Hydrobiologia 535/536: 309–318.
• Lamarck, J.B.P.A. 1809.Philosophie zoologique. 442 + 450 pp. Dentu, Paris.
• Palmer, A.R. and Repina, L.N. 1993. Through a glass darkly: taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of the Olenellina. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, New Series 3: 1–35.
• Peel, J.S. 1990. Studying the early history of life in Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 148: 54–56.
• Peel, J.S. and Sønderholm, M. (eds.) 1991. Sedimentary basins of North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin 160: 1–164.
• Peel, J.S. Conway Morris, S., and Ineson, J.R. 1992. A second glimpse of Early Cambrian life: new collections from Sirius Passet, North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 155: 48–50.
• Poulsen, V. 1974. Olenellacean trilobites from eastern North Greenland. Geological Society of Denmark Bulletin 23: 79–101.
• Rigby, J. K. 1986. Cambrian and Silurian sponges from North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 126: 51–63.
• Robison, R.A. 1969. Annelids from the Middle Cambrian Spence Shale of Utah. Journal of Paleontology 43: 1169–1173.
• Rouse, G.W. and Fauchald, K. 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes. Zoologica Scripta 26: 139–204.
• Rousset, V., Pleijel, F., Rouse, G.W., Erséus, C., and Siddall, M.E. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of annelids. Cladistics 23: 41–63.
• Struck, T.H., Schultz, N., Kusen, T., Hickman, E., Bleidorn, C., McHugh, D., and Halanych, K.M. 2007. Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: art. 57.
• Surlyk, F. 1991. Tectonostratigraphy of North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin 160: 25–47.
• Sutton, M.D., Briggs, D.E.G., Siveter, D.J., and Siveter, D.J. 2001. A three−dimensionally preserved fossil polychaete worm from the Silurian of Herefordshire, England. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268: 2355–2363.
• Wade, M. 1972. Dickinsonia: polychaete worms from the late Precambrian Ediacara fauna, South Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 16: 171–190.
• Walcott, C.D. 1911. Middle Cambrian annelids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57: 109–144.
• Walcott, C.D. 1931. Addenda to descriptions of Burgess Shale fossils (with explanatory notes by C.E. Resser). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 85: 1–46.
• Williams, M., Siveter, D.J., and Peel, J.S. 1996. Isoxys (Arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 70: 947–954.