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2006 | 15 | 5 |

Tytuł artykułu

Classification of drinking water samples using the Chernoff's Faces visualization approach

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Our study shows the importance of drinking water monitoring using simple but powerful visualization tools to better understand spatial variations in water quality. The paper reports Chernoff's Faces visualiza­tion approach applied for the classification of drinking water samples collected at twelve various districts of Gdańsk (Poland), over the period 1993-2000. A good visualization should give the viewer a rapid un­derstanding of the data and the phenomenon behind the data. The complex data matrix containig 1756 results of determination of disinfection by-products (THMs: CHCl3, CHBrCl2+C2HCl3, CHBr2Cl, CHBr3 and organohalogen compounds: CCl4, CH2Cl2, C2Cl4, C2H3Cl3) was successfully treated with Chernoff's ap­proach, yielding two different groups of similarity among the sampling sites, and reflecting different types of drinking water supplies (surface and groundwater).

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

15

Numer

5

Opis fizyczny

p.691-197,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Pomeranian Pedagogical Academy, 22a Arciszewskiego Str., 76-200 Slupsk, Poland
autor
autor
autor

Bibliografia

  • 1. MAZERSKI J., Fundamentals of chemometry, GUT Press, Gdańsk, Poland, pp. 200, 2000.
  • 2. MEINRATH G., LIS S., BUT S., ELBANOWSKI M., Ch- emometric and Statistical Analysis of Polyoxometalate In­teraction with Lanthanide(III) Ions, Talanta, 55, 371, 2001.
  • 3. HERNGREN L., GOONETILLEKE A., AYOKO G. A., Un­derstanding heavy metal and suspended solids relationships in urban stormwater using simulated rainfall, J. Environ. Manage., 76, 149, 2005.
  • 4. BROŻEK-MUCHA Z., ZADORA G., Grouping of ammuni­tion types by means of frequencies of occurrence of GSR, Forensic Science International, 135 (2), 97, 2003.
  • 5. LOPES J.A., MENEZES J.C., Industrial fermentation end- product modeling with multilinear PLS, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 68, 75, 2003.
  • 6. WORKMAN J. JR, The state of multivariate thinking for scientists in industry: 1980-2000. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 60, 13, 2002.
  • 7. http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi26/p195-26.pdf
  • 8. SIMPSON K.L., HAYES K.P., Drinking water disinfection by-products: an Australian perspective, Wat. Res., 32 (5), 1522, 1998.
  • 9. KAMPIOTI A.A., STEPHANOU E.G., The impact of bro­mide on the formation of neutral and acidic disinfection by-products (DBPs) in Mediterranean chlorinated drinking water, Wat. Res., 36 (10), 2596, 2002.
  • 10. NOBUKAWA T., SATOSHI S., Effect of bromide ions on genotoxicity of halogenated by-products from chlorination of humic acid in water, Wat.Res., 35 (18), 4293, 2001.
  • 11. NIKOLAU A.D., LEKKAS T.D., GOLFINOPOULOS S.K., KOSTOPOLOU M.N., Application of different analytical methods for determination of volatile chlorination by-prod­ucts in drinking water, Talanta, 56, 717, 2002.
  • 12. CLARK R.M., GOODRICH J.A., DEININGER R.A., Drinking water and cancer mortality, Sci.Total. Environ., 53, 153, 1986.
  • 13. MORRIS R.D., AUDET A.-M., ANGELILLO I.F., CHALMERS T., MUSTELLER F., Chlorination, chlorina- tion by-products, and cancer: a meta-analysis, Amer. J., Pub­lic Health, 82, 955, 1992.
  • 14. POLKOWSKA Ż., KOZŁOWSKA K., MAZERSKA Z., GÓRECKI T., NAMIEśNIK J., Relationship between volatile organohalogen compounds in drinking water and human urine in Poland, Chemosphere, 53 (8), 899, 2003.
  • 15. BIZIUK M., NAMIEśNIK J., CZERWIŃSKI J., GORLO D., MAKUCH B., JANICKI W., POLKOWSKA Ż., WOLS­KA L., Occurence and determination of organic pollutants in tap and surface waters of the Gdańsk district, J.Chromatogr. A., 733, 171, 1996.
  • 16. BIZIUK, M., POLKOWSKA, Ż., GORLO, D., JANICKI, W., NAMIEŚNIK, J., Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Intakes and Tap Water by Purge and Trap and Direct Aqueous Injection- Electron Capture Detection Techniques, Chem. Anal., 40, 299, 1995,
  • 17. BIZUK, M., POLKOWSKA, Ż., Determination of trihalo- methanes in Gdańsk water pipe system, Pollut. Environ., 3, 12, 1993.
  • 18. CHERNOFF H., The use of faces to represent points in k- dimensional graphically, J. Amer. Stat., 68, 361, 1973.
  • 19. ASTELA., MAZERSKI J., POLKOWSKA Ż., NAMIEŚNIK J., Application of PCA and time series analysis in studies of precipitation in Tricity (Poland), Adv. Environ. Res., 8, 337, 2004.
  • 20. StatSoft, Inc. (2001). STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 6. www.statsoft.com;
  • 21. TURGEON S., RODRIGUES M.J., THERIAULT M., LEV- ALLOIS P., Perception of drinking water in Quebec City region (Canad): the influence of water quality and consumer location in the distribution system, J. Environ. Manag., 70, 363, 2004.
  • 22. WILLIAMS D.T., LEBEL G.L., BENOIT F.M., Disinfec­tion by-productes in Canadian drinking water, Chemosphere, 34 (2), 299, 1997.
  • 23. PALACIOS M., PAPILLON J.F., RODRIGUEZ M.E., Or- ganohalogenated compounds levels in chlorinated drink­ing waters and current compliance with quality standards throughout the European Union, Wat. Res., 34 (3), 1002, 2000.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-article-6e68ad9c-a9e4-41ae-bdc4-8bb6d4b49869
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