PL
Brak wymagań w zakresie standardów urbanistycznych, uchylonych z początkiem lat osiemdziesiątych, spowodował drastyczne obniżenie wartości użytkowej powstającej zabudowy - szczególnie zabudowy mieszkaniowej. Przywrócenie niezbędnych rygorów musi respektować aktualne uwarunkowania procesów inwestycyjnych. Należy wprowadzić ściśle obowiązujące wymagania sprowadzone do zakresu wyznaczającego warunki życia i biologiczne cechy środowiska przestrzennego. Problematykę programowania zabudowy i organizacji przestrzenno-funkcjonalnej wypada objąć wytycznymi dla planowania miejscowego (w tym szczególnie dla sporządzania Studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego).
EN
The fact that the requirements with regard to the urban planning standard were annulled at the beginning of the 80's has been damaging to the way housing development is shaped. The common tendency to exploit land maximally goes generally hand in hand with the disregard for basic requirements. These shortcomings occur even in the case of luxurious flats and they consist in the scarcity of recreational space, houses being too close to one another, the insufficiency of sunlight. Simultaneously, the rational programming of housing has collapsed. Due to the mor- selization of investment objectives, only small fragments of a building development - and these are exclusively flats - are being realised. There is no investor who would enable the realisation of basic services. And it is municipal authorities who are left responsible for filling the gap. The regular surveys of projects reveal the growing intensity of multi-family building development despite the fact that its height has been lowered and the number of cars which need parking space increases. Moreover, the problem of compact building is related to the question of ensuring the safety of inhabitants through separation of the complex and through hermetic fencing. This is also characteristic of one-family buildingdevelopment where small plots are not conducive to privacy. The excessive intensification of such building happens to occur on areas without sewer system. In the light of past experiences, it is beyond all question that legal regulations are indispensable to determine the quality of urban planning decisions. It refers particularly to housing development because of its significance for the population's living conditions. In this regard, the range of requirements must be limited to what can be done in the projects for urbanised space and which has a direct bearing on living conditions and on the biological character of housing environment. This indispensable minimum of the requirements ought to include access to sunlight, separation from troublesome objects and equipment, ensuring privacy, indispensable percentage of verdurous area, the circulation of air, the possibilities of recreation and principles of vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The range of problems connected with the issue of planning and spatial-functional organisation is very wide. Therefore, it requires formulating instructions and directions, defining prerequisites and programme models which ought to be helpful in preparing local plans of physical planning. It should be noticed that the „Study of the Conditions and the Directions of Physical Planning" is of great value as it is to refer to the whole area of a settlement unit and ought to include: - the preparation of the town development programme, - the conception of spatial-functional organisation, - the outline of compositional principles. In order to specify the urban planning standard and the legibility of local plans, it is indispensable to define uniformly the basic zones which are distinguishable by the dominant function and spatial form. Such differentiation occurs in housing development as well. Moreover, further division into structural units designated by the main routes of communication should be made. For each such area, it is necessary to define the programme, main lines of physical planning and the degree of land exploitation.