Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs

• Autorzy: Currie P J , Hurum J.H. , Sabath K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Tyrannosauridae can be subdivided into two distinct subfamilies—the Albertosaurinae and the Tyrannosaurinae. Previously recognized subdivisions Aublysodontinae and Shanshanosaurinae are rejected because they are based on insufficient material and juvenile specimens. Our results are based upon a phylogenetic analysis using PAUP program (Swofford 1999) of 77 skull characters and seven genera (Albertosaurus, Alioramus, Daspletosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Nanotyrannus, Tarbosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus); with Allosaurus as outgroup. Of the 77 characters used, more than half were parsimony informative. Asingle most parsimonious tree was obtained with the Tree Length being 88. The analysis of cranial characters and comparison of postcranial features reveal that Tarbosaurus bataar is not the sister taxon of Tyrannosaurus rex (contra Holtz 2001). Their similarities are partially due to the fact that both are extremely large animals. Thus, Tarbosaurus should be considered a genus distinct from Tyrannosaurus.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

parsimonious analysis; phylogenesis; Coelurosauria; Tyrannosauridae; Theropoda; Dinosauria; skull structure; evolution; dinosaur; paleontology; tyrannosaurid dinosaur

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: 48
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.227-234,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Currie P J

• Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Box 7500, Drumheller, Alberta TOJ OYO, Canada

autor

Hurum J.H.

autor

Sabath K.

Bibliografia

• Bakker, R.T., Williams, M., and Currie, P.J. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1 (5): 1–30.
• Buffetaut, E., Suteethorn, V., and Tong, H. 1996. The earliest known tyrannosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand.Nature 381: 689–691.
• Carr, T.D. 1999. Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 497–520.
• Currie, P.J. 2000. Theropods from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. In: M.J. Benton, M.A. Shishkin, D.M. Unwin, and E.N. Kurochkin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 434–455. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Currie, P.J. 2003. Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48: 191–226.
• Currie, P.J. (in press). Allometric growth in tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences.
• Currie, P.J., and Dong Z.−M. 2001. New information on Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis, a juvenile tyrannosaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of China.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38: 1729–1737.
• Gilmore, C.W. 1933. On the dinosaurian fauna of the Iren Dabasu Formation. American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 67: 23–78.
• Holtz, T.R., Jr. 1994 The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: implication for theropod systematics. Journal of Paleontology 68: 1100–1117.
• Holtz, T.R., Jr. 2000. Anew phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs. Gaia 15: 5–62.
• Holtz, T.R., Jr. 2001. The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae. In: D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, 64–83. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
• Huene, F. von, 1914. Das natürliche System der Saurischia. Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie B 1914: 154–158.
• Hurum, J.H. and P.J. Currie, 2000. The crushing bite of tyrannosaurids. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 619–621.
• Hurum, J.H. and Sabath, K. 2003. Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: The skulls of Tarbosaurus baatar and Tyrannosaurus rex compared. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48: 161–190.
• Hutt, S., Naish, D.M., Martill, D.M., Barker, M.J., and Newbery, P. 2001. A preliminary account of a new tyrannosauroid theropod from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous) of southern England. Cretaceous Research 22: 227–242.
• Kurzanov, S.M. 1976. New carnosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Nogon−Tsav, Mongolia [in Russian]. Sovmestnaâ Sovetsko−Mongol’skaâ Paleontologičeskaâ Ekspediciâ, Trudy 3: 93–104, 360.
• Lambe, L.M. 1914. On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatusfrom the same horizon. Ottawa Naturalist 28: 13–20.
• Lehman, T.M. and Carpenter, K. 1990. Apartial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaur Aublysodon from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 64: 1026–1032.
• Leidy, J. 1868. Remarks on a jaw fragment of Megalosaurus. Proceedings Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia 20: 197–200.
• Mader, B.J. and Bradley, R.L. 1989. Aredescription and revised diagnosis of the syntypes of the Mongolian tyrannosaur Alectrosaurus olseni. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9: 41–55.
• Makovicky P.J. and Sues, H.−D. 1998. Anatomy and phylogenetic relationship of the theropod dinosaur Microvenator celerfrom the Lower Cretaceous of Montana. American Museum Novitates 3240: 1–27.
• Maleev, E.A. 1955. Gigantic carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia [in Russian]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 104: 634–637; 779–782.
• Marsh, O.C. 1877. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formation. American Journal of Science 3 (14): 514–516.
• Molnar, R.E., Kurzanov, S.M., and Dong Z.M. 1990. Carnosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, 169–209. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Naish, D.M., Hutt, S., and Martill, D.M. 2001. 9, Saurischian dinosaurs, 2: Theropods. In: D.M. Martill and D. Naish (eds.), Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight, 244–309. Palaeontological Association, London.
• Nopcsa, F. von. 1928. The genera of reptiles.Palaeobiologica, 1: 163–188.
• Olshevsky, G. 1995. The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids [in Japanese, with English translation].Kyoryugaku Saizensen (Dino Frontline) 9: 92–119; 10: 75–99.
• Osborn, H.F. 1905. Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21: 259–265.
• Osborn, H.F. 1906. Tyrannosaurus, Upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur (second communication). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 22: 281–296.
• Paul, G.S. 1988. Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. 464 pp. Simon and Schuster, New York.
• Perle, A. 1977. On the first discovery of Alectrosaurus (Tyrannosauridae, Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia [in Russian]. Problemy Geologii Mongolii 3: 104–113.
• Rayfield, E.J., Norman, D.B., Horner, C.C., Horner, J.R., Smith, P.M., Thomason, J.J., and Upchurch, P. 2001. Cranial design and function in a large theropod dinosaur. Nature 409, 1033–1037.
• Russell, D. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum Natural Sciences Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1–34.
• Sereno, P.C. 1997. The origin and evolution of dinosaurs. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25: 435–489.
• Sereno, P.C. 1998. Arationale for phylogenetic definitions with application to the higher−level taxonomy of Dinosauria. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 210: 41–83.
• Sereno, P.C. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 248: 2137–2147.
• Swofford, D.L. 1999. PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and other methods), version 4.0b6. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.