The role of glacier system in migration of calcium carbonate on Svalbard

• Autorzy: Bukowska-Jania E
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The general objective of this research has been to identify the factors and conditions of migration of CaCO3 within glaciers and their marginal zones in Svalbard. Special attention has been paid to the cryochemical processes responsible for precipitation of calcium carbonate in icing (naled ice) formed near fronts of polythermal glaciers during winter. Estimates of the importance of those processes in respect of the general mineral mass transfer in the glacier system are attempted here. Field studies concerning the carbonate contents in proglacial sediments and icing fields were carried out in the Werenskioldbreen and the Elisebreen basins (S and NW Spitsbergen respectively). A functional model of CaCO3 migration in a glacier system is proposed which indicates the various paths of the mineral mass flow. Considerations on intensity of glacial processes permitted quantitative estimation of the particular components in respect to the Werenskioldbreen basin. Cryo- chemical processes do not appear to be of overriding importance in such migration but, clearly, they play a specific role in retaining CaCO3 in the proglacial zone on land. The crystalline forms present in the icings, which have many lattice defects, are very easily re-dissolved or removed by wind.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

cryochemical process; icing; glacial environment; calcium carbonate migration; mass transfer; Spitsbergen; geological process; Arctic; glacier system; Svalbard

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Polar Research
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: 28
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.137-155,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Bukowska-Jania E

• Silesian University, Bedzinska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland

Bibliografia

• Åkerman J. 1982. Studies on naled ice (icings) in Western Spitsbergen. In: Hydrology in the Permafrost Regions. The 4th Canadian Permafrost Conference, Ottawa: 189-202.
• Baranowski S. 1977. Subpolarne lodowce Spitsbergenu na tle klimatu tego regionu. Acta Universitatis Vratislaviensis 393: 1-157.
• Birkenmajer K. 1990. Hornsund, Spitsbergen. Geologia - Geology, 1 : 75 000. Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice: 1 sheet map and comments: 1-42.
• Bukowska-Jania E. 2003. The role of glacier system in the migration of calcium carbonate in the natural environment (with particular reference to Svalbard and the late-glacial areas in NW Poland). Prace Naukowe, 2103, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice: 247 pp. (in Polish).
• Bukowska-Jania E. and Jania J. 1988. Zmiany geometrii czołowej części lodowca Werenskiold (Spitsbergen) w latach 1957-1973-1982-1983. In: J. Jania and M. Pulina (eds) Wyprawy Polarne Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice: 64-91. (in Polish).
• Bukowska-Jania E. and Pulina M. 1999. Calcium carbonate in deposits of the last Scandinavian glaciation and contemporary chemical denudation in western Pomerania - NW Poland, in the light of modern processes in Spitsbergen. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. Neue Folge, Supplementband 119: 21-36.
• Bukowska-Jania E. and Szafraniec J. 2005 Distribution and morphometic characteristics of icing fields in Svalbard. Polar Research 24 (1-2): 41-54.
• Czerny J., Lipień G, Manecki M. and Piestrzyński A. 1993. Geology and ore mineralisation of the Hecla Hoeck Succession in the front of Werenskioldbreen, South Spitsbergen. Studia Geologica Polonica 98: 67-113.
• Drewry D.J. 1986. Glacial geologic processes. Edward Arnold, London: 276 pp.
• Fairchild I.J. and Spiro B. 1990. Carbonate minerals in glacial sediments: geochemical clue to paleoenvironment. In: J.A. Dowdeswell and J.D. Scourse (eds) Glacimarine Environments: Processes and Sediments. Geological Society Special Publication 53: 201-216.
• Fairchild I.J., Bradby L. and Spiro B. 1994. Reactive carbonate in glacial systems: a preliminary synthesis of its creation, dissolution and reincarnation. In: M. Deynoux, J.G. Miller, E. Domack, N. Eyles, I.J. Fairchild and G.M. Young (eds) Earth's Glacial Record, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 176-192.
• Fairchild I.J., Killawee J.A., Sharp M.J., Spiro B., Hubbard B., Lorrain R.D. and Tison J.-L. 1999. Solute generation and transfer from chemically reactive alpine glacial-proglacial system. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 24: 1189-1211.
• Ford D.C., Fuller P.G. and Drake J.J. 1970. Calcite precipitates at the soles of temperate glaciers. Nature 226: 441-442.
• Gałuskin E. and Bukowska-Jania E.1999. Morfologia i geneza kalcytu kriogenicznego. In: Materiały konferencyjne XIX Szkoły Terenowej Geologów Uniwersytety Śląskiego, Sosnowiec: 6-12. (in Polish).
• Gokhman V.V. 1997. Distribution and conditions of formation of glacial icings on Spitsbergen. Polar Geography and Geology 11: 249-260.
• Gokhman V.V. and Khodakov V. G. 1985. Hydrology of glaciers and glacier basins. In: V.M. Kotljakov (ed.) Glacjologia Shpitsbergena. Nauka, Moskva: 64-78. (in Russian).
• Grześ M. and Sobota I. 2000. Winter snow accumulation and discharge from the Waldemar Glacier, Northwestern Spitsbergen in 1996-1998. Polish Polar Research 21 (1): 19-32.
• Hagen J.O., Liestøl O., Roland E. and Jorgensen T. 1993. Glacier Atlas of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norsk Polarinstitutt Meddelser 129: 1-141.
• Hallet B.1976. Deposits formed by subglacial precipitation of CaCO3. Geological Society of America Bulletin 87 (2): 1003-1015.
• Hallet B. 1979. Subglacial regelation water film. Journal of Glaciology 23 (89): 39-50. Harland W.B., Anderson L.M., Manasrah D., Butterfield N.J., Challinor A., Doubleday P.A., Dowdeswell E.K., Dowdeswell J.A., Geddes I., Kelly S.R.A., Lesk E.L., Spencer A.M. and Stephens C.F. 1997. The geology of Svalbard. The Geological Society, London: 521 pp.
• Hodgkins R., Tranter M. and Dowdeswell J.A. 1997. Solute provenance, transport and denudation in a high Arctic glacierized catchment. Hydrological Processes 11: 1813-1832.
• Jania J. 1988. Dynamic glacial processes in South Spitsbergen in the light of photointerpretation andphotogrammetric survey. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego 955, Katowice: 258 pp. (in Polish).
• Jazuel J. and Souchez R.A. 1982. Melting-refreezing at the glacier sole and the isotopic composition of the ice. Journal of Glaciology 28: 35-42.
• Krawczyk W.E. and Opołka-Gądek J. 1994. Suspended sediment concentrations in the Werenskiold Glacier drainage basin in 1986. In: XXI Polar Symposium, Warszawa: 215-224.
• Martini I.P., BROOKFIELD M.E. and Sadura S. 2001. Principles of glacial geomorphology and geology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River: 381 pp.
• Myślińska E. 1998. Laboratoryjne badania gruntów. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa: 278 pp. (in Polish).
• Paterson W.S.B. 1994. The physics of glaciers (2nd ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford: 480 pp.
• Pulina M. 1984. The effects of the cryochemical process in the glaciers and permafrost. Polish Polar Research 5 (3-4): 137-163.
• Pulina M. 1990. Geomorphological effects of the cryochemical processes. Questiones Geographicae 13/14 (1987/1988), Poznań: 99-112.
• Sharp M., Tison J.L. and FIERENS G. 1990. Geochemistry of subglacial calcites: implications for the hydrology of the basal water film. Arctic and Alpine Research 22: 141-152.
• Souchez R.A. and Lemmens M. 1985. Subglacial carbonate deposition: an isotopic study of a present-day case. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology 51: 357-364.
• Vogt T. and Corte A.E. 1996. Secondary precipitates in Pleistocene and present cryogenic environments (Mendoza Precordillera, Argentina, Transbaikalia, Siberia, and Seymour Island, Antarctica). Sedimentology 43: 53-64.
• Wilson R.C.L., Drury S.A. and Chapman J.L. 1999. The Great Ice Age. Climate Change and Life. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York: 267 pp.