Nutrient modulated alkaline phosphatase and associated processes in diazotrophic cyanobacteria

• Autorzy: Pandey M
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Nutrient regulation of alkaline phosphatase (Phosphomonoesterase - PMEase) was studied in some diazotrophic cyanobacterial strains like Anabaena variabilis, Anabaena torulosa, Calothrix brevissima, Scytonema javanicum and Hapalosiphon intricatus, in response to the macronutrients (Phosphate, Calcium and Magnesium) and the micronutrients (Zinc, Copper, Iron and Manganese). The phosphate grown cells of cyanobacterial strains when transferred to the phosphate deficient medium, showed expression of cellular PMEase activity and released the enzyme extracellularly. The increased concentration of phosphate inhibited enzyme activity severely in a concentration dependent manner. The phosphate depletion stimulated spore formation in A. variabilis and H. intricatus, whereas its addition enhanced spore's differentiation in A. torulosa. The switch-on time detected for both cellular and extracellular PMEase varies among the strains. The increase in ionic concentration of Ca²⁺ enhanced the PMEase activity more profoundly than Mg²⁺ in diazotrophic strains. The lower level of micronutrients either promoted or had no effect on photosynthetic inhibitors (DCMU) and respiratory electron transport chain inhibitor (sodium azide). It revealed that the energy for the synthesis of PMEase enzyme is mostly derived from photosynthesis and the role of respiratory energy is marginal. The Phosphate (Pi) uptake function in the strains was found to be substrate concentration dependent.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Calothrix brevissima; Anabaena torulosa; Cyanoprokaryota; nutritional regulation; Hapalosiphon intricatus; alkaline phosphatase; diazotrophic cyanobacteria; Scytonema javanicum; microbiology; Anabaena variabilis; sporulation; inhibitor

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Microbiology
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: 55
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.53-62,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Pandey M

• Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India

Bibliografia

• Ackermann H.W. and M.S. Dubow. 1987. Viruses of Prokaryotes: General Properties of Bacteriophages. Vol. I. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
• Adams D.G. and N.G. Carr. 1981. The developmental biology of heterocyst and akinete formation in cyanobacteria CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 9: 45-100.
• Berg J.M. and Y. Shi. 1996. The galvanization of biology: A growing appreciation for the roles of Zinc. Science 271: 1081-1085.
• Block M.A. and A.R. Grossman. 1988. Identification and purification of a derepressible alkaline phosphatase from Anacystis nidulans R2. Plant Physiol. 86: 1179-1184.
• Bovy A., G. De Vrieze, M. Borrias and R Weisbeek. 1992. Transcriptional regulation of the plastocyanin and cytochrome c₅₅₃ genes from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7937. Mol. Microbiol. 6: 1507-1513.
• Brahamsha B. 1996. An abundant cell surface polypeptide is required for swimming by the non-flagellated marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 93: 6504-6509.
• Carr N.G. and B.A. Whitton. 1982. The Biology of Cyanobacteria. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.
• Coleman J.R. 1987. Multinuclear magnetic resonance approaches to the structure and metabolism of alkaline phosphatase, p. 127-138. In: A. Torriani Gorine, B.E. Yagil and S. Silver (eds), Phosphate Metabolism and Cellular Regulation in Microorganism, ASM Press, Washington DC, USA.
• Desikachary T.V. 1959. Cyanophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
• Doonan B.B. and T.E. Jensen. 1979. Effects of ions on the activity of the enzyme alkaline phosphatases from Plectonema boryanum. Microbios 25: 177-186.
• England R.R. and H. Evans. 1983. A requirement for Ca²⁺ in the extraction of O₂ - evolving photosystem 2 preparations from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. Biochem. J. 210: 177-186.
• Fisher R.W. and C.P. Wolk. 1976. Substance stimulating the differentiation of spores of the blue green alga Cylindrospermum licheniforme. Nature 259: 394-395.
• Fiske C.H. and Y. Subbarow. 1925. The colorimetric determination of phosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 66: 375-400.
• Fitzgerald G.P. and T.C. Nelson. 1996. Extractive and enzymatic analysis for limiting or surplus phosphorus in algae. J. Phycol. 2: 32-37.
• Grainger S.L.J., A. Peat, D.N. Tiwari and B.A. Whitton. 1989. Phosphomonoesterase activity of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Calothrixparietina. Microbios 59: 7-17.
• Grossman A.R., D. Bhaya and J.L. Collier. 1994. Specific and general responses of cyanobacteria to macro-nutrient deprivation, p. 112-118. In: A. Torriani Gorine, B.E. Yagil and S. Silver (eds), Phosphate Metabolism and Cellular Regulation in Microorganism, ASM Press, Washington DC, USA.
• Healey F.R 1973. Characterization of phosphorous deficiency in Anabaena. J. Phycol. 9: 383-394.
• Herbert D., P.J. Phipps and R.E. Strange. 1971. Chemical analysis of microbial cells, p. 209-344. In: J.R. Norris and D.W. Ribbons (eds), Methods in Microbiology, Vol. V, Academic Press, London and New York.
• Hernandez I., J.A. Fernandez and FX. Neill. 1995. A comparative study of alkaline phosphatase activity in two species of Gelidium (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta). Eur. J. Phycol. 30: 69-77.
• Ihlenfeldt M.J.A. and J. Gibson. 1975. Phosphate utilization and alkaline phosphatase activity in Anacystis nidulans (Synechococcus). Arch. Microbiol. 102: 23-28.
• Jansson M., H. Olsson and K. Pettersson. 1988. Phosphatases: Origin, characteristics and function in lakes. Hydrobiol. 170: 157-175.
• Katiyar S.K. 1997. Effects of zinc on freshwater microbial communities of river Yamuna around Delhi. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., India Section B (Biological Sciences) 67: 67-72.
• Kumar T.A., LA. Mahasneh and D.N. Tiwari. 1992. Alkaline phosphatase activities of an Anabaena from deep-water rice. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 8: 585-588.
• Livingstone D. and B.A. Whitton. 1983. Influence of phosphorous on morphology of Calothrix parietina (Cyanophyta) in culture. Br. Phycol. J. 18: 29-38.
• Lowry O.H., N.J. Rosenbrough, A.L. Farr and R.J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin-phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
• Mann N.H. 2000. Detecting the environment, p. 367-388. In: B.A. Whitton and M. Potts (eds), The Ecology of Cyanobacteria, Kluwer Academic Publications, London/Boston.
• Merida A., L. Leuretop, P. Candan and F.J. Florencio. 1990. Purification and properties of glutamine synthetases from the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and Calothrix sp. strain PCC 7601. J. Bacteriol. 172; 4732-4735.
• Norris J.R. and D.W. Ribbons. 1968. Methods in Microbiology Vol. III. Academic Press, London and New York.
• Onek L.A. and R.J. Smith. 1992. Calmodulin and Calcium mediated regulation in procaryotes. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 1039-1049.
• Pandey K.D. and A.K. Kashyap. 1987. Factors affecting formation of spores (akinetes) in cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum (Ads strain) J. Pl. Physiol. 127: 123-134.
• Pandey K.D., S. Sarkar and A.K. Kashyap. 1991. Role of inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in sporulation of Anabaena doliolum. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen. 187: 439-445.
• Pandey M. and D.N. Tiwari. 2003. Characteristics of alkaline phosphatase in cyanobatcerial strains and in an APasedef mutant of Nostoc muscorum. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 19: 279-284.
• Petterson K. 1985. The availability of phosphorous and the species composition of the spring phytoplankton in Lake Erken. Hydrobiology 70: 527-546.
• Porchia A.C. and G.L. Salerno. 1996. Sucrose biosynthesis in a prokaryotic organism: Presence of two sucrose phosphate synthases in Anabaena with remarkable differences compared with the plant enzymes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 13600-13604.
• Quisel J.D., D.D. Wykoff and A.R. Grossman. 1996. Biochemical characterization of the extracellular phosphatases produced by phosphorus-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 111: 839-848.
• Rippka R., J. Deruelles, J.B. Waterbury, M. Herdman and R.Y. Stanier. 1979. Generic assignment, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 111: 1-61.
• Robinson N.J., J.C. Rutherford, M.R. Pocock and J.S. Cavet. 2000. Metal metabolism and toxicity, p. 443-463. In: B.A. Whitton and M. Potts (eds), The Ecology of Cyanobacteria, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
• Rueter J.G. 1983. Alkaline phosphatase inhibition by copper: Implications to phosphorus nutrition and use as a biochemical marker of toxicity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28: 743-748.
• Seargeant L.E. and R.A. Stinson. 1979. Phosphoester specificity of purified human liver alkaline phosphatase. Can. J. Biochem. 57: 2000-2007.
• Simon R.D. 1977. Sporulation in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. The course of spore formation. Archiv. Microbiol. 111: 283-288.
• Singh S.K. and D.N. Tiwari. 2000. Control of alkaline phosphatase activity in Anabaena oryzae. J. Plant Physiol. 157: 467-472.
• Stewart W.D.P. 1980. Some aspect of structure and function in N₂-fixing cyanobacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 34: 497-536.
• Sutherland J.M., M. Herdman and W.D.P. Stewart. 1975. Akinetes of the cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7524. Macro-molecular composition, structure and control of differentiation. J. Gen. Microbiol. 115: 273-287.
• Underwood A.J. 1997. Experiments in Ecology: Their Logical Design and Interpretation using Analysis of Variance. Cambridge University Press, London.
• Wagner K., B. Masepohl and E.K. Pistorius. 1995. The cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 contains a second alkaline phosphatase encoded by phoV. J. Microbiol. 141: 3049-3058.
• Warren S.C. 1968. Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis : Biochemical changes. Biochem. J. 109: 811.
• Whitton B.A. and M. Potts. 2000. The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: Their Diversity in Time and Space. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London.
• Whitton B.A., M. Potts, J.W. Simon and S.L.J. Grainger. 1990. Phosphatase activity of the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Nostoc commune UTEX 584. Phycologia 29: 139-145.
• Wolk CP. 1965. Control of sporulation in blue green alga. Develop. Biol. 12: 15-35.