PL
Aktualnie na terytorium Polski najbardziej zagrożonych jest 37 taksonów minogów i ryb. W najwyższych kategoriach (EXP, EW, CR) znajdują się gatunki anadromiczne (jesiotr ostronosy Acipenser oxyrhynchus, łosoś Salmo salar, minóg morski Petromyzon marinus, parposz Alosa fallax, aloza A. alosa, certa Vimba vimba, ciosa Pelecus cultratus, minóg rzeczny Lampetra fluviatilis) oraz głowacica (Hucho hucho). W kategoriach EN i VU jest 12 gatunków o specyficznych wymogach środowiskowych (strzebla błotna Eupallasella percnurus, piekielnica Alburnoides bipunctatus, minóg ukraiński Eudontomyzon mariae, minóg strumieniowy Lampetra planeri, kiełb białopłetwy Gobio albipinnatus, różanka Rhodeus sericeus, koza złota bałkańska Sabanejewia balcanica, koza z. bałtycka S. baltica, piskorz Misgurnus fossilis, stynka Osmerus eperlanus, głowacz białopłetwy Cottus gobio i pręgopłetwy C. poecilopus). W grupie gatunków niezagrożonych (LC) znajduje się zaledwie 19 gatunków, co stanowi 29,7 % rodzimej ichtiofauny. Obejmuje ona gatunki o niewielkich wymaganiach środowiskowych i tolerujących zanieczyszczenia wód.
EN
At present 37 taxa of fish and lamprey in Poland are regarded as seriously threatened (categories: EXP, EW, CR, EN, VU, NT). The degree of threat to particular species within the main hydrographic units (river systems of the Vistula, Oder, Pomeranian rivers and the whole area; Fig. 1) is presented in table 1. The three highest categories include mainly anadromous species (Acipenser oxyrhynchus, Salmo salar, Petromyzon marinus, Alosa fallax, A. alosa, Vimba vimba, Pelecus cultratus, Lampetra fluviatilis). Their status results from the difficulty to migrate to their spawning grounds which are located in the interior of the country; it is caused by building hydrotechnical constructions on rivers. The group includes also a resident species – Hucho hucho, which because of its size was and still is threatened by poaching. Lower categories (EN and VU) include “small species” (Eupallasella percnurus, Alburnoides bipunctatus, Eudontomyzon mariae, Lampetra planeri, Gobio albipinnatus, Rhodeus sericeus, Sabanejewia balcanica, S. baltica, Misgurnus fossilis, Osmerus eperlanus, Cottus gobio, C. poecilopus) of specific habitat requirements, especially sensitive to such anthropogenic effects as water pollution and draining of wetlands. The group includes also Salmo trutta m. lacustris, Barbus barbus, Coregonus albula, C. lavaretus, Lota lota, whose gradual disappearance results from overexploitation and progressive eutrophication of waters. Species near threat (NT) comprise: Barbus peloponnesius, Carassius carassius, Gobio kessleri, Aspius aspius, Phoxinus phoxinus, Leuciscus leuciscus, Cobitis elongatoides, Silurus glanis. A special position is occupied by conservation-dependent (CD) species (Anguilla anguilla, Thymallus thymallus, Salmo trutta m. truta, S. trutta m. fario), which without regular stocking and subject to a very strong angling pressure would certainly pass into higher threat categories. The group of not endangered species (LC) in Poland comprises at present only 19 species which constitutes 29.7% of the native ichthyofauna. They are ubiquist species, of small habitat requirements, tolerant to pollution of waters in which the saprobic index most often exceeds 2.0. A comparison of the present situation of threat to the ichthyofauna (Tab. 2) with the previous estimates (1999) shows that the proportion of the most threatened species in both periods was similar: 1999 – 57,1% and 2009 – 57,8%. During 10 years 26 species changed their status; 12 of them (Salmo salar, Eupallasella percnurus, Alburnoides bipunctatus, Eudontomyzon mariae, Rhodeus sericeus, Sabanejewia aurata (=S. balcanica, S. baltica), Misgurnus fossilis, Cottus poecilopus, Barbus peloponnesius, Thymallus thymallus, Barbus cyclolepis waleckii, Cobitis taenia) were shifted to lower categories, while 12 (Alosa fallax, A. alosa, Pelecus cultratus, Chondrostoma nasus, Salmo trutta m. lacustris, Gobio albipinnatus, G. kessleri, Osmerus eperlanus, Carassius carassius, Abramis sapa, Leuciscus leuciscus, Cobitis elongatoides) were moved to higher categories. The comparison of the changes in the numbers of species in particular threat categories shows that the greatest changes involved categories DD (100%), EN (91.7%), VU (59.1%), NT (54.5%), CR (50.0%) as well as NT, EXP and EW (33.3% each). The smallest changes were noted in the case of categories CD (25.0%) and LC (10.5%).