Craspedacusta sowerbii - slodkowodna meduza. Cz.2. Biologia i ekologia

• Autorzy: Zurek R

Warianty tytułu

EN

Craspedacusta sowerbii - freshwater jellyfish. Part 2. Biology and ecology

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W drugiej części pracy opisano szczegóły budowy polipa i słodkowodnej meduzki Craspedacusta sowerbii, sposób rozmnażania się, preferencje siedliskowe, termiczne i pokarmowe, migracje oraz zagęszczenie populacji, a także skład chemiczny i zmienność genetyczną

EN

The medusa stage of the species was described by Lankester in 1880 from specimens found in Regent’s Park in London. Since 1924 it is known that the earlier described polyp of Microhydra ryderi is the polyp stage of Craspedacusta sowerbii. From Poland it is known since 1924 (in Szczecin) and 1928 (aquarium in Szamotuły, central Poland). The species came to Poland from the Caspian Sea region (hypothesis of Jankowski et al. 2008), or was brought with exotic water plants. Almost every year it is observed in Srebrne Lake near Opole. Its appearance is unforeseeable. From Europe it is known from numerous sites. It is an eurybiontic species and occurs in temperate zone of both hemispheres. It prefers stagnant or slowly flowing waters. Usually the species is recorded in artificial reservoirs: quarries, sand-pits, gravel-pits, ponds, rarely from rivers. The resting stages are able to survive many years of unfavorable conditions. It is a predatory species, both in polyp stage as well as in medusa stadium. The prey of medusae and polyps are small planktonic and benthic animals of 0.1 to 3.0 mm in size, mainly crustaceans (Cladocera or Copepoda), sometimes rotifers or fish fry. Life span is 34 to 51 days. The rate of exploitation of resources was 0.2 prey/dm3/d (Spadinger, Maier 1999) at medusae density 1 ind./m3. Medusae are relatively resistant on hypoxia, die at 0.26 mg/dm3 of oxygen. Populations are usually unisexual. It suggests low genetic variability. In fact, Ludoški et al. (2004) verified variability of 9 loci of enzymes. Population was monomorphic for loci Gpi, Hk, Idh-1, Idh-2, Me, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Pgm and Sod. Biomas of specimens varies from 0.06 to 331.86 mg/indiv. or dry mass usually varies between 0.01 and 2.50 mg/indiv. Carbon content in dry mass is 29.8% and nitrogen 7.98%. Then, the weight proportion C : N is 3.8 : 1 (Jankowski 2000). They have daily vertical migrations – during the day individuals hide at deeper layers whereas at night they migrate toward the surface. The mass appearance, usually in August, can be dangerous for bathers. There are 4 hypothesis of species origin in Europe and its primary habitat: 1) it was brought to England with exotic Victoria regia from Brazil; 2) region of Yangtze was the native area because in old Chinese literature the species was described as far back as 1250; 3) expansion of species was natural and occurred in the past when Gondwana was existed – hypothesis of Zienkiewicz (1940); 4) Jankowski’s hypothesis (2008) – Ponto-Caspian region is native area of this freshwater jellyfish. Different taxonomical properties of C. sowerbii and related species were also discussed.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

zwierzeta slodkowodne; stulbioplawy; meduzy; kraspedakusta; Craspedacusta sowerbii; biologia; morfologia; rozmnazanie; cykl zyciowy; zerowanie; pokarm; preferencje pokarmowe; preferencje siedliskowe; ekologia

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 66
• Numer: 5
• Opis fizyczny: s.391-396,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Zurek R

• Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, al.Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Krakow

Bibliografia

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• Beckett D.C., Turanchik E.J. 1980. Occurrence of the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lan-kester in the Ohio River. Ohio J. Sci. 80: 95-96.
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