PL
Wprowadzony w 1975 r. dwustopniowy podział terytorialny kraju nie wpłynął na funkcjonowanie administracji specjalnej: w układzie ponadwojewódzkim ich siedziby pozostają nadal w byłych stolicach województw, a w ponadlokalnym - w miastach powiatowych. Istniejący układ 49 województw i 267 rejonów nie daje możliwości ujednolicenia administracji o właściwościach ogólnych i specjalnych. Z badań wynika, że ujednolicenie obu administracji uzyskać można w drodze reformy administracji publicznej polegającej na utworzeniu silnych, względnie samodzielnych województw (regionów) i powiatów.
EN
Special divisions are part of the central administration, governance and professional structure. There are 79 special divisions in the nation, of which 42 on the higher-than- province level, 20 on the provincial level and 14 on the underprovincial (local) level. These divisions have been studied to assess their performance and findings indicate that the new administrative structure introduced in Poland in 1975 with its two-tier regional dimension has not effected special administration. Special administration continues to be focused in the 17 former provincial and powiat centres. Market mechanisms adopted in Polands economy have increased the number of special administration unit and this has compromised even more the efficiency of the government administration. The type of restructuring of the public administration in Poland will dictate options for streamlining special administration in the country. The 49-province scenario (currently in place) fails to facilitate the process since special administration is to a large extent centred in 4 to 17 units. To attempt to tailor them to 49 provincial governments would mean undue increase in bureaucratic structures and public spending. Streamlining the district structures could not be easily defensible either. Here, there would be no self-governed unit to scrutinise and audit such administration. Streamlining can be an effective exercise if based upon large, discrete provinces (regions), where only 13 special divisions would be independent of the regional administrative system, 16 would require some geographical fine-tuning and 13 would lose their position to general administrative functions. On the powiat level, this structure would be a mirror reflection of the provincial one but naturally locally-focused. Thus, the streamlining the two types of administration would result in a better efficiency of Polands government in general.