Paranyctoides and allies from the Late Cretaceous of North America and Asia

• Autorzy: Archibald J D , Averianov A O
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Paranyctoides is represented by three named, and possibly four unnamed species in the Late Cretaceous, North America. P. aralensis from the Late Cretaceous of Dzharakuduk, Uzbekistan, belongs in this or a closely allied taxon. Lower molars have low trigonids, well-developed paraconids not appressed against metaconids, talonids on ml-2 as wide or wider than trigonids, hypoconulids often closer to entoconids than to hypoconids. Only two upper molars are known, both have comparatively narrow crowns with wide stylar shelves and stylar cusps, paracone and metacone separated, conules well developed, and protocone low. Pre- and postcingula vary from narrow in one, Sailestes quadrans, to wide in the other, Paranyctoides sp. Sailestes quadrans may be an metatherian. All known species of Paranyctoides from North America have a submolarifom ultimate premolar while Gallolestes pachymandibularis, also from North America, has molars not unlike those in Paranyctoides but may have an ultimate premolar with a molarifom trigonid. A specimen from Dzharakuduk referable to P. aralensis is suggestive of such morphology. At least P. aralensis had five premolars with the third reduced as in 'zhelestids'. These findings increase the Late Cretaceous North American/Asian ties even more for eutherians, now with 'zhelestids' and the Paranyctoides/Gallolestes clades known from both.

PL

Rodzaj Paranyctoides jest reprezentowany przez trzy nazwane i zapewne cztery nienazwane gatunki z późnej kredy Ameryki Północnej. P. aralensis z późnej kredy Uzbekistanu (stanowisko Dżarakuduk) należy do tego lub blisko spokrewnionego taksonu. Dolne zęby trzonowe mają niskie trygonidy, dobrze rozwinięte parakonidy nie przylegające do metakonidów, talonidy na ml-2 co najmniej tak szerokie jak trygonidy, hipokonulidy często położone bliżej entokonidów niż hipokonidów. Znane są tylko dwa górne trzonowce; oba mają dość wąską koronę z szeroką półką stylarną i guzkami stylarnymi, parakonem ddzielonym od metakonu, dobrze rozwiniętymi konulami i niskim protokonem. Pre- i postcingula są zmienne - wąskie u Sailestes quadrans, a szerokie u Paranyctoides sp. Sailestes quadrans może należeć do Metatheria. Wszystkie gatunki Paranyctoides znane z Ameryki północnej mają trzonowcokształtny ostatni przedtrzonowiec, natomiast Gallolestes pachymandibularis, także z Ameryki Północnej, ma dolne trzonowce dość podobne do trzonowców Paranyctoides, ale jego ostatni przedtrzonowiec mógł mieć trzonowcokształtny trygonid. Na morfologię taką wskazuje także okaz z Dżarakuduk, przypisywany P. aralensis. Przynajmniej P. aralensis miał pięć przedtrzonowców, przy czym trzeci jest zredukowany, jak u "zelestidów". Znaleziska te potwierdzają związki późnokredowej fauny Eutheria Ameryki Północnej i Azji, tym razem w przypadku znanych z obydwu kontynentów kladów ,,zelestidów" i Paranyctoides/Gallolestes.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Paranyctoides aralensis; Eutheria; Late Cretaceous; Gallolestes; Asia; paleobiogeography; Sailestes; Sailestes quadrans; Paranyctoides sternbergi; Mammalia; Paranyctoides; Gallolestes pachymandibularis; North America

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: 46
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.533-551,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Archibald J D

• Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-4614, USA

autor

Averianov A O

• Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia

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