Natural killer cells (NK) traditionally classified as belonging to the innate immune system have many similarities with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. An engineered antibody with a single antigen binding fragment (Fab) capable of recognizing two unrelated proteins. SAP-mediated stable adhesion of antigen-specific T and B cells is crucial for generation long-term immunity. Pharmacological enhancing CD8 T cell memory. Interleukin-21 sustains CD8⁺T cell effector activity during chronic viral infection. Failures in HIV-vaccine development.
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