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2004 | 07 | 3 |

Tytuł artykułu

Limits and regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Mycotoxins are natural contaminants whose presence in food- and feedstuffs cannot be completely avoided. Since several mycotoxins have been associated with and implicated in human and animal diseases there is a need to establish maximum levels, guidelines or action levels for them in some kinds of commodities. International and government authorities in many countries have been investing in mycotoxins research and initiating administrative actions for elaboration of legislation and implementing regulatory measures for the control of mycotoxins. Codex Alimentarius Commission is established international legislation on food and feed. In European Union specific limits and regulations for mycotoxins and other contaminants are constructed under the general Codex standards and based on proposal from European Commission. The legal basis for European Commission became available with the framework Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93. In this paper, legislation regarding maximum levels for certain mycotoxins in food- and feedstuffs in European Community and other countries were reviewed and discussed.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

07

Numer

3

Opis fizyczny

p.211-216,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • National Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, Al.Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland

Bibliografia

  • Chelkowski J (1989) Formation of mycotoxins produced by Fusaria in head of wheat, triticale and rye. In: Chelkowski J (ed) Fusarium mycotoxins, taxonomy and pathogenicity. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, NY, To­kyo, pp. 63-84.
  • Commission Directive 2002/27/EC of 13 March 2002 amending Directive 98/53/EC laying down the sampling methods and the methods of analysis for the official control of the levels for certain contaminants in food­stuffs. Off J L 75: 44-45.
  • Commission Directive 2002/26/EC of 13 March 2002 lay­ing down the sampling methods and the methods of analysis for the official control of the levels of och- ratoxin A in foodstuffs. Off J L 75: 38-43.
  • Commission Directive 2003/78/EC of 11 August 2003 lay­ing down the sampling methods and the methods of analysis for the official control of the levels of patulin in foodstuffs. Off J L 203: 40-43.
  • Commission Directive 2003/100/EC amending Annex 1 to Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed. Off J L 285: 33-37.
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J L 77:1-13.
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 257/2002 of 12 February 2002 amending Regulation (EC) No 194/97 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs and Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J L 41: 12-15.
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 472/2002 of 12 March 2002 amending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J L 75: 18-20.
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 1425/2003 of 11 August 2003 amending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 as re­gards patulin. Off J L 203: 54-59.
  • Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93 of 8 February 1993 laying down Community procedures for contaminants in food. Off J L 37: 1-3.
  • FAO (1995) World regulation for mycotoxins. Food and Nutrition Paper No. 64, Rome, Italy.
  • FDA/CFSAN (2001) Guidance for industry. Fumonisin levels in human foods and animal feeds.
  • Gajęcki M (2002) Zearalenone - undesirable substances in feed. Pol J Vet Sci 5: 117-122.
  • Jelinek CF, Pohland AE, Wood GE (1989) Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds - an up­date. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 72: 223-230.
  • Kuiper-Goodman T, Scott PM (1989) Review - risk as­sessment of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. Biomed En­viron Sci 2, 179-248.
  • Kurtzman CP, Horn BW, Hesseltine CW (1987) Aspergil­lus nomius, a new aflatoxin-producing species related to Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 53: 147-158.
  • Marasas WFO, Kellerman TS, Gelderblom WCA, Coetzer JAW, Thiel PG, Van der Lugt JJ (1988) Leucoen- cephalomalacia in a horse induced by fumonisin Bi iso­lated from Fusarium moniliforme. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 55: 197-203.
  • Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development Regula­tion of 1 March 2003 establishing the acceptable con­tents of the undesirable substances in animal feed. Dz. U. No 62, p. 570: 4076-4083.
  • Ministry of Health Regulation of 13 January 2003 r estab­lishing the maximum levels of chemical and biological contaminants in food, components of food, permissible supplementary substances, substances used for process­ing food or on the surface of food. Dz. U. No 37, p. 326: 2411-2439.
  • Mirocha CJ, Christensen CM (1974) Oestrogenic my­cotoxins synthesized by Fusarium. In: Purchase IFH (ed) Mycotoxins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 129-148.
  • Moss MO (1996) Mycotoxins. Mycol Res 100, 513-523.
  • Pohland AE, Nesheim S, Friedman L (1992) Ochratoxin A: a review. Pure Appl Chem 64, 1029-1046.
  • Postupolski J, Rybińska K, Kurpińska-Jaworska J, Ledzion E, Szczęsna M, Karłowski K (2003) European Union legislation related to patulin. Roczn Państw Zakl Hig 54, 355-361.
  • Postupolski J, Rybińska K, Szczęsna M, Karłowski K, Led­zion E (1999) The review of the European Union documents relating contamination of aflatoxins in food. Roczn Państw Zakl Hig 50, 57-67.
  • Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parlia­ment and of the Council of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety. Off JL31: 1-24.
  • Report of experts participating in Task 3.2.10 (2003) Col­lection of occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU Member States. Directorate-General Flealth and Consumer Protection.
  • Report of experts participating in Task 3.2.7 (2002) As­sessment of dietary intake of Ochratoxin A by the population of EU Member States. Directorate-General FTealth and Consumer Protection.
  • Schuller PL, van Egmond HP, Stoloff L (1983) Limits and regulations on mycotoxins. In: Proceedings Interna­tional Symposium on Mycotoxins, 6-8 September 1981, Cairo, Egypt: 111-129.
  • Tanaka T, Hasegawa A, Yamamoto S, Lee U-S, Sugiura Y, Ueno Y (1988) Worldwide contamination of cereals by the Fusarium mycotoxins nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone. Survey of 19 countries. J Agric Food Chem 36: 979-983.
  • Thiel PG, Marasas WFO, Sydenham EW, Shephard GS, Gelderblom WCA (1992) The implications of naturally occurring levels of fumonisins in corn for human and animal health. Mycopathologia 117: 3-9.
  • Van Egmond HP (1987) Current limits for aflatoxins. Working papers Myc 87/9.1 and Myc 87/9.2. Second Joint FAO/WHO/UNEP International Conference on Mycotoxins. Bangladesh, Thailand, 28 September - 2 October.
  • Van Egmond HP (1989) Aflatoxin Mp occurrence, toxic­ity, regulation. In: Van Egmond HP (ed) Aflatoxin Mi in dairy products. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 11-55.
  • Van Egmond HP, Jonker MA. RIVM/ National Institute for Public Health and the Environment ARO/ Labora­tory for Food and Residue Analyses, Bilthoven, The Netherlands (2003) personal communication.
  • Van Egmond HP, Speijers GJA (1994) Survey of data on the incidence and levels of ochratoxin A in food and animal feed worldwide. J Nat Toxins 3: 125-144.
  • Visconti A, Marasas WFO, Miller JD, Riley R (1999) My­cotoxins of growing interest. Fumonisins. In: Proceed­ing of Third Joint FAO/WHO/UNEP International Conference of Mycotoxins. Tunis, Tunisia.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

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