Efficacy of a novel biofilter in hatchery sanitation: I. Removal of airborne bacteria, dust and endotoxin

• Autorzy: Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A , Tymczyna L. , Skorska C. , Sitkowska J. , Cholewa G. , Dutkiewicz J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A novel biofi lter containing organic, bentonite and halloysite media was applied for elimination of microbial pollutants from the air of an industrial hatchery. The concentrations of total mesophilic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes, dust and bacterial endotoxin were determined in the air of hatchery during 2 months before installation of the biofi lter, and during 6 months after installation of the biofi lter, at the inlet and outlet ducts from each medium. Before installation of the biofi lter, the concentrations of total mesophilic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes, dust and endotoxin in the air were within the ranges of 0.97- 131.2 × 103 cfu/m3, 0.0-34.4 × 103 cfu/m3, 0.0-0.02 × 103 cfu/m3, 0.37-4.53 mg/m3, and 50.9-520,450.4 ng/m3, respectively. Enterococcus faecalis and Gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and other species) prevailed among bacterial species recovered from the air of the hatchery. A total of 56 species or genera of bacteria were identifi ed in the air samples taken in the examined hatchery; of these, 11, 11 and 6 species or genera respectively were reported as having allergenic, immunotoxic and/or infectious properties The concentrations of total mesophilic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and endotoxin found at the inlet duct of the biofi lter after its installation were signifi cantly smaller compared to those recorded before its installation (p<0.05). The concentrations of Gram-negative bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and dust found at the outlet ducts of biofi lter after its installation were signifi cantly smaller compared to those recorded at the inlet duct of the biofi lter (p<0.01). The concentrations of total meso-philic bacteria were also smaller at the outlet ducts of the biofi lter compared to that at the inlet duct; however, the difference was not signifi cant because of the massive growth of Streptomyces species in the biofi lter’s media which contaminated the outcoming air. In conclusion, the applied biofi lter proved to be effective in the elimination of potentially pathogenic bacteria, dust and endotoxin from the air of the hatchery. The effi cacy of the biofi lter could be improved by the inhibition of the Streptomyces growth in the media of the biofi lter.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

prevention; animal breeding; organic dust; dust; Enterococcus faecalis; biofilter; mesophilic bacteria; endotoxin; Gram-negative bacterium; hygiene; bioaerosol emission; airborne bacteria; hatchery; bacteria; animal hygiene

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: 14
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.141-150,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A

• University of Agriculture in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

autor

Tymczyna L.

autor

Skorska C.

autor

Sitkowska J.

autor

Cholewa G.

autor

Dutkiewicz J.

Bibliografia

• 1. Bohn HL: Odor removal by biofi ltration. In: Gnyp DR, Gnyp A (Eds): Recent Developments and Current Practices in Odor Regulations, Control and Technology. Trans Air Waste Mgmt Assn, 135-147, Derezno 1991.
• 2. Chute HL, Gershman M: A new approach to hatchery sanitation. Poultry Sci 1961, 40, 568-571.
• 3. Clark CS: Report on prevention and control. In: Rylander R, Peterson Y, Donham KJ (Eds): Health Effects of Organic Dusts in the Farm Environment. Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Skokloster, Sweden, April 23-25, 1985. Am J Ind Med 1986, 10, 267-273.
• 4. Cowan ST, Steel KJ: Manual for the Identifi cation of Medical Bacteria. University Press, Cambridge 1965.
• 5. Crook B, Olenchock SA: Industrial workplaces. In: Cox CS, Wathes CM (Eds): Bioaerosols Handbook, 531-545. CRC Press, Boca Raton 1995.
• 6. Devos A, Devriese L, Viaene N: Bestimmungen des Luftkeimgehalts in den Schlupfabteilen von Grossbrutanlagen [Determinations of the concentration of airborne germs in the hatching departments of big hatcheries]. Arch Gefl ügelk 1969, 33, 31-41 (in German).
• 7. Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS): Endotoxins, Health-based Recommended Occupational Exposure Limit. Gezondheidsraad, The Netherlands 1998.
• 8. Dutkiewicz J, Umiński J, Mołocznik A, Majczakowa W, Hołobut W, Dutkiewicz E, Wasilkowski J, Badora A, Skórska C, Krysińska-Traczyk E, Pomorska K, Kuś L: Ocena warunków pracy i stanu zdrowia pracowników zakładów drobiarskich. III. Wylęgarnie i brojlernie [Assessment of working conditions and health state of workers in poultry farms. Part III. Hatcheries and broiler farms]. Med Wiejska 1974, 9, 85-99 (in Polish).
• 9. Dutkiewicz J: Exposure to dust-borne bacteria in agriculture. I. Environmental studies. Arch Environ Health 1978, 33, 250-259.
• 10. Dutkiewicz J.: Keimfl ora der Luft in verschiedenen Gefl ügelzuchtund Verarbeitungsanlagen [Airborne germ fl ora in various poultry farms and poultry processing plants]. Z ges Hyg 1980, 26, 45-53 (in German).
• 11. Dutkiewicz J, Jabłoński L: Biologiczne Szkodliwości Zawodowe [Occupational Biohazards]. PZWL, Warsaw 1989 (in Polish).
• 12. Dutkiewicz J, Pomorski ZJH, Sitkowska J, Krysińska-Traczyk E, Skórska C, Prażmo Z, Cholewa G, Wójtowicz H: Airborne microorganisms and endotoxin in animal houses. Grana 1994, 33, 185-190.
• 13. Dutkiewicz J: Bacteria and fungi in organic dust as potential health hazard. In: Midtgård U, Poulsen OM (Eds): Waste Collection and Recycling – Bioaerosol Exposure and Health Problems. Proceedings of an International Meeting held in Køge, Denmark, 13-14 September 1996. Ann Agric Environ Med 1997, 4, 11-16.
• 14. Dutkiewicz J, Śpiewak R, Jabłoński L: Klasyfi kacja Szkodliwych Czynników Biologicznych Występujących w Środowisku Pracy oraz Narażonych na Nie Grup Zawodowych [Classifi cation of Occupational Biohazards and the Exposed Professional Groups]. 3rd ed. Ad Punctum, Lublin 2002 (in Polish).
• 15. Eduard W: Exposure to non-infectious microorganisms and endotoxins in agriculture. Ann Agric Environ Med 1997, 4, 179-186. 16. Gentry RF, Mitrovic M, Bubash GR: Application of Andersen sampler in hatchery sanitation. Poultry Sci 1962, 41, 794-804.
• 17. Górny RL, Dutkiewicz J: Bacterial and fungal aerosols in indoor environment in Central and Eastern European countries. Ann Agric Environ Med 2002, 9, 17-23.
• 18. Jawetz E, Melnick JL, Adelberg EA: Przegląd Mikrobiologii Lekarskiej [Review of Medical Microbiology]. PZWL, Warsaw 1991 (in Polish).
• 19. Krieg NR, Holt JG (Eds): Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 1. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1984.
• 20. Lacey J, Crook B: Review: Fungal and actinomycete spores as pollutants of the workplace and occupational allergens. Ann Occup Hyg 1988, 32, 515-533.
• 21. Lacey J, Dutkiewicz J: Bioaerosols and occupational lung disease. J Aerosol Sci 1994, 25, 1371-1404.
• 22. Laitinen S, Kangas J, Husman K, Susitaival P: Evaluation of exposure to airborne bacterial endotoxins and peptidoglycans in selected work environments. Ann Agric Environ Med 2001, 8, 213-219.
• 23. Leson G, Winer AM: Biofi ltration: An innovative air pollution control technology for VOC emissions. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 1991, 41, 1045-1054.
• 24. Levin J, Bang FB: The role of endotoxin in the extracellular coagulation of Limulus blood. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1964, 115, 265-274.
• 25. Magwood SE: Studies in hatchery sanitation. 1. Fluctuations in microbial counts of air in poultry hatcheries. Poultry Sci 1964, 43, 441-449.
• 26. Malmros P, Sigsgaard T, Bach B: Occupational health problems due to garbage sorting. Waste Manag Res 1992, 10, 227-234.
• 27. Martens W, Martinec M, Zapirain R, Stark M, Hartung E, Palmgren U: Reduction potential of microbial odour and ammonia emissions from a pig facility by biofi lters. J Hyg Environ Health 2001, 203, 335-345.
• 28. Mitchell BW, Waltman WD: Reducing airborne pathogens and dust in commercial hatching cabinets with an electrostatic space charge system. Avian Dis 2003, 47, 247-253.
• 29. Radon K, Danuser B, Iversen M, Monso E, Weber C, Hartung J, Donham K, Palmgren U, Nowak D: Air contaminants in different European farming environments. Ann Agric Environ Med 2002, 9, 41-48.
• 30. Radon K, Monso E, Weber C, Danuser B, Iversen M, Opravil U, Donham K, Hartung J, Pedersen S, Garz S, Blainey D, Rabe U, Nowak D: Prevalence and risk factors for airway diseases in farmers – summary of results of the European Farmers’ Project. Ann Agric Environ Med 2002, 9, 207-213.
• 31. Rozporządzenie Ministra Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej z dnia 17 czerwca 1998 r. w sprawie najwyższych dopuszczalnych stężeń i natężeń czynników szkodliwych dla zdrowia w środowisku pracy. Dz. U. 1998, nr 79, poz. 513. Warsaw 1998.
• 32. Rylander R: The role of endotoxin for reactions after exposure to cotton dust. Am J Ind Med 1987, 12, 687-697.
• 33. Rylander R: Organic dusts – from knowledge to prevention. Scand J Work Environ Health 1994, 20, 116-122.
• 34. Rylander R, Jacobs RR (Eds): Organic Dusts. Exposure, Effects and Prevention. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA 1994.
• 35. Schlegelmilch M, Herold T, Streese J, Hensel A, Stegmann R: The potential to reduce emissions of airborne microorganisms by means of biological waste gas treatment systems. Waste Manag 2005, 25, 955-964.
• 36. Skórska C: Mikrofl ora powietrza w nowoczesnym zakładzie wylęgowym [Microfl ora of the air in a modern hatchery]. Med Wiejska 1986, 21, 211-216 (in Polish).
• 37. Skórska C: Badania nad aktywnością biologiczną endotoksyn Acinetobacter calcoaceticus [Studies on biological activity of endotoxins produced by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus]. Med Wiejska 1988, 23, 203-208 (in Polish).
• 38. Skórska C: Ocena skutków inhalacji zwierząt doświadczalnych alergenem otrzymanym z bakterii Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, dokonana metodami immunologicznymi [Study of the effects of inhalation exposure of experimental animals to allergen obtained from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, done with immunological methods]. Med Wiejska 1991, 26, 140-149 (in Polish).
• 39. Sneath PHA, Mair N, Sharpe ME, Holt JG (Eds): Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 2. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1986.
• 40. Surowiecki K, Karczewski W: Badania nad zanieczyszczeniami bakteryjnymi w zakładzie wylęgowym [Studies on bacterial pollutions in a hatchery]. Med Weterynaryjna 1973, 29, 349-352 (in Polish).
• 41. Williams ST, Sharpe ME, Holt JG (Eds): Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. 4. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1989.