The influence of feeding frequency on the metabolic rate of perch Perca fluviatilis L.

• Autorzy: Zakes Z , Demska-Zakes K
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of feeding frequency (one, two or three feeds and continuous feeding) on the magnitude of oxygen consumption (OC, mg O₂ kg ⁻¹ h ⁻¹) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg ⁻¹ h ⁻¹) by juvenile perch. The study was conducted during routine rearing in a recirculating system. No significant impact of the applied feeding schedules (P > 0.05) on the average diurnal values of OC and AE was confirmed. The values ranged from 165.88 mg O₂kg ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ (one feed) to 188.48mgO₂ kg ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ (continuous feeding) and from5.51 mgTAN kg ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ (two feeds) to 6.44 mg TAN kg ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ (continuous feeding). The feeding schedule had a significant influence on the diurnal fluctuations of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion and was especially evident in the latter. The AEmax/AEaverage ratio in the group of fish fed once was 2.46, but the AEmax/AEmin ratio was 19.01. AE variability over a twenty- four hour cycle was much lower in other feeding schedules.The course of the diurnal profiles of OC and AE was characteristic for each of the applied experiment variants. Statistically significant dependencies were confirmed between ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption (P<0.001) and were specific to each experiment group. Correlation coefficients of the linear regression equation that describes the AE - OC relation ranged from 0.57 (three feeds) to 0.94 (two feeds). The values of OFR (kg O₂ kg ⁻¹ feed fed day ⁻¹) and AFR (kg TAN kg ⁻¹ feed fed day ⁻¹) were not determined by the applied feeding schedule (P > 0.05).

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu częstotliwości żywienia (jedna, dwie i trzy dawki paszy oraz karmienie ciągłe) na wielkość konsumpcji tlenu (OC, mg O₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹1) i wydalania amoniaku (AE, mg TAN kg⁻¹ h⁻¹1) przez juwenalnego okonia. Badania prowadzono w czasie rutynowego podchowu ryb w obiegu recyrkulacyjnym. Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu zastosowanych wariantów żywieniowych (P > 0,05) na średnie dobowe wartości OC i AE, które mieściły się w przedziale od 165,88 mg O₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ (jedna dawka paszy) do 188,48 mg O₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ (karmienie ciągłe) oraz od 5,51 mg TAN kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ (dwie dawki paszy) do 6,44 mg TAN kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ (karmienie ciągłe; tab. 1). Częstotliwość żywienia wpłynęła istotnie na fluktuacje dobowe konsumpcji tlenu i wydalania amoniaku. Było to szczególnie widoczne w przypadku AE. Iloraz AEmax/AEśrednia w grupie ryb żywionych jedną dawką osiągnął wartość 2,46, a w przypadku AEmax/AEmin aż 19,01. W pozostałych wariantach zmienność AE w cyklu dobowym była istotnie niższa (tab. 1). Przebieg dobowych profilów OC i AE był charakterystyczny dla każdego z zastosowanych wariantów doświadczalnych (rys. 1 - 4). Stwierdzono wysoce istotne statystycznie zależności między wydalaniem amoniaku i konsumpcją tlenu (P < 0,001), specyficzne dla każdej grupy doświadczalnej. Współczynniki korelacji równań regresji prostoliniowych, opisujących związek AE-OC, przyjęły wartości od 0,57 (trzy dawki paszy dziennie) do 0,94 (dwie dawki dziennie; tab. 2). Wartości OFR i AFR nie były determinowane przez zastosowany harmonogram karmienia i przyjęły wartości, odpowiednio około 0,160 kg O₂ kg paszy⁻¹ dzień⁻¹ i 0,0050 kg TAN kg paszy⁻¹ dzień⁻¹ (P > 0.05; tab. 3).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fish; perch; metabolic rate; Perca fluviatilis; oxygen consumption; recirculating system; ammonia excretion; feeding frequency

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Archives of Polish Fisheries
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: 10
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.23-39,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Zakes Z

• The Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Demska-Zakes K

• University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

Bibliografia

• Beamish F.W.H, MacMahon P.D. 1988 - Apparent heat increment and feeding strategy in walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum - Aquaculture 68: 73-82.
• Boujard T., Leatherland J.F. 1992 - Circadian rhythms and feeding time in fishes - Environ. Biol. Fish. 35: 109-131.
• Colt J. 1991 - Aquacultural production systems - J. Anim. Sci. 69: 4183-4192.
• Fivelstad S., Thomassen J.M., Smith M.J, Kjartansson H., Sando A.B. 1990 - Metabolite production rates from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) reared in single pass land-based brackish water and sea-water system - Aquacult. Eng. 9:1-21.
• Folkvord A., Otterå H. 1993 - Effects of initial size distribution, day length, and feeding frequency on growth, survival, and cannibalism of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) - Aquaculture 114: 243-260.
• Fontaine P., Mélard C., Kestemont P. 2000 - Present state of the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) culture in Europe: problems and prospects - Aqua 2000. European Aquaculture Society. Special publication No 28: p. 216.
• Fontaine P., Tamazouzt L., Capdeville B. 1996 - Growth of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) reared in floating cages and in water recirculated system: first results - J. Appl. Ichthyol. 12: 181-184.
• Forsberg O.1.1997 - The impact of varying feeding regimes on oxygen consumption and excretion of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in post-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. - Aquacult. Res. 28: 29-41.
• Forsberg O.I., Bergheim A. 1996 - The impact of constant and fluctuating oxygen concentration and two water consumption rates on post-smolt Atlantic salmon production parameters - Aquacult. Eng. 15: 327-347.
• Goddard S. 1996 - Feed management in intensive aquaculture - Chapman & Hall, New York.
• Hamada A., Maeda W. 1983 - Oxygen uptake due to specific dynamic action of the carp, Cyprinus carpio - Jap. J. Limnol. 44: 225-239.
• Hayward R.S., Noltie D.B., Wang N. 1997 - Use of compensatory growth double hybrid sunfish growth rates - Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 126: 316-322.
• Jarboe H.H., Grant W.J. 1997 - The influence of feeding time and frequency on the growth, survival, feed conversion and body composition of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, cultured in a threetier, closed, recirculating raceway system - J. Appl. Aquacult. 7: 43-52.
• Jatteau P. 1997 - Daily patterns of ammonia nitrogen output of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri Brandt of different body weight - Aqacult. Res. 28: 551-557.
• Jobling M. 1994 - Fish bioenergetics - Chapman & Hall, London, 300 pp.
• Jobling M., Baardvik B.M. 1994 - The influence of environmental manipulation on inter- and intra-individual variation in food acquisition and growth performance of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L. - J. Fish Biol. 44:1069-1087.
• Kaushik S.J. 1980 - Influence of nutritional status on the daily patterns of nitrogen excretion in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.J - Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 20: 1751-1765.
• Kazuń K., Siwicki A. 2001 - Propiscin -a safe new anaesthetic for fish - Arch. Pol. Fish. 9: 36-43.
• Lee S.M., Cho S.H., Kim D.J. 2000 - Effects of feeding frequency and dietary energy level on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel) - Aquacult. Res. 31: 917-921.
• Meade J.W. 1985 - Allowable ammonia for fish culture - Prog. Fish-Cult. 47:135-144.
• Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. 1991 - Wastewater engineering treatment: Disposal. and Reuse-McGraw-Hill, New York, 1344 pp.
• Mélard C., Kestemont P., Grignard J.C. 1996 - Intensive culture of juvenile and adult Eurasian perch (P. fluviatilis): effect of major biotic and abiotic factors on growth - J. Appl. Ichthyol. 12: 175-180.
• Philips T.A., Summerfelt R.C., Clayton R.D. 1998 - Feeding frequency effects on water quality and growth of walleye fingerlings in intensive culture - Prog. Fish-Cult. 60:1-8.
• Szczepkowski M., Szczepkowska B., Ulikowski D. 1999 - The rearing of juvenile Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis in a water recirculation system - Komun. Ryb. 5: 27-28 (in Polish).
• Westers H. 1981 - Fish culture manual for the state of Michigan - principles of intensive fish culture - Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, 101 pp.
• Westers H., Pratt K.M. 1977 - Rational design of hatcheries for intensive salmonid culture based on metabolic characteristics - Prog. Fish-Cult. 39: 157-165.
• Yager T.K., Summerfelt R.C. 1994 - Effects of feeding frequency on metabolism of juvenile walleye - Aquacult. Eng. 13: 257-282.
• Zakęś Z. 1999 - Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion by pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca (L.) reared in a water recirculation system - Arch. Pol. Fish. 7: 1-55 (in Polish with an English summary).
• Zakęś Z., Demska-Zakęś K., Karczewski P., Karpiński A. 2001 - Selected metabolic aspects of pike-perch, Stizostedion lucioperca L. reared in a water recirculation system - Arch. Pol. Fish. 9: 25-37.