Artificial insemination in the emu [Dromaius novaehollandiae]: effect of numbers of spermatozoa and time of insemination on the duration of the fertile period

• Autorzy: Malecki I A , Martin G.B.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In emus, the duration of the fertile period was measured following a single artificial insemination (AI) and investigated the effect of time of AI in the egg cycle on the duration of the fertile period. Semen was collected by artificial cloaca, pooled and used undiluted for AI within 30 minutes. For insemination, a female was followed until she assumed the voluntary crouch. A speculum was then inserted into the cloaca and an insemination straw introduced into the vagina to a depth of 1-2 cm, and semen deposited. Following a single insemination with 100, 200 or 400 million spermatozoa, female emus laid fertilized eggs for 10.0±0.4, 12.0±0.9, and 15.0±0.6 days. When 400 million spermatozoa were used for insemination on Day 1, 2 or 3 of the oviposition cycle, the duration of the fertile period appeared to change in a day-dependent manner. After AI on Day 1, female emus laid fertilized eggs for 15.8±1.1 days, after AI on Day 2 for 12.5±2.2 days, and after AI on Day 3 for 10.0±1.5 days. The results suggest that female emus need to be inseminated the day after oviposition to maximize the duration of their fertile period.

PL

Celem badań było określenie długości okresu zapładnialności jaj emu po sztucznym unasienieniu i wpływu czasu unasienienia na długość tego okresu. Nasienie pobierano za pomocą sztucznej pochwy I samice unasieniano nierozcieńczonym nasieniem w ciągu 30 minut. Unasieniania dokonywano za pomocą wziernika, po tym jak samica dobrowolnie usiadła i pozwoliła na dostęp do kloaki. Nasienie deponowano dopochwowo na głębokość 1-2 cm ze słomki inseminacyjnej osadzonej na strzykawce. Po jednokrotnym unasienieniu dawką 100, 200 czy 400 milionów plemników samice znosiły zapłodnione jaja odpowiednio przez okres 10±0,4, 12±0,9 i 15±0,6 dni. Po unasienieniu dawką 400 milionów plemników w 1, 2 czy 3 dniu cyklu jajowego, długość „okresu płodnego” wyniosła odpowiednio 15,8±1,1,12,5±2,2 i 10,0±1,5 dni. Wyniki sugerują, że aby uzyskać maksymalną długość okresu zapładnialności jaj emu w trakcie nieśności, unasienienia powinno się dokonywać w pierwszym dniu cyklu jajowego, to jest w dzień po zniesieniu jaja.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Dromaius novaehollandiae; artificial insemination; fertile period; sperm storage; fertility; spermatozoon; oviposition; insemination time; emu

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Animal Science Papers and Reports
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: 22
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.315-323,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Malecki I A

• The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

autor

Martin G.B.

Bibliografia

• 1. Bakst M.R., Wishart G., Brillard J-P., 1994 – Oviducal sperm selection, transport, and storage in poultry. Poultry Science Reviews 5, 117-143.
• 2. Biellier H.V., Paschang P., Funk E.M., 1961 – Effect of depth of insemination on fertility of Broad Breasted Bronze turkey hens. Poultry Science 40, 1379.
• 3. Birkhead T.R., 1988 – Behavioural aspects of sperm competition in birds. Advances in the Study of Behaviour 18, 35-72.
• 4. Birkhead T.R., Moller A.P., 1992 – Numbers and size of sperm storage tubules and the duration of sperm storage in birds: a comparative study. Biological Journal of Linnean Society 45,363-372.
• 5. Brillard J-P., 1993 – Sperm storage and transport following natural mating and artificial insemination.Poultry Science 72, 923-928.
• 6. Brillard J-P., Bakst M.R., 1990 – Quantification of spermatozoa in the sperm storage tubules of turkey hens and the relation to sperm numbers in the perivitelline layer eggs. Biology of Reproduction 43, 271-275.
• 7. Brillard J-P., Galut O., Nys Y., 1987 – Possible cause of subfertility in hens following insemination near the time of oviposition. British Poultry Science 28, 307-318.
• 8. Briskie J.V., Montgomerie R., 1993 – Patterns of sperm storage in relation to sperm competition in passerine birds. Condor 95, 442-454.
• 9. Compton M.M., Van Krey H.P., 1979 – Emptying of the uterovaginal sperm storage glands in the absence of ovulation and oviposition in the domestic hen. Poultry Science 58, 187-190.
• 10. Delville Y., Sulon J., Balthazart J., 1986 – Diurnal variations of sexual receptivity in the female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Hormones and Behaviour 20, 13-33.
• 11. LAKE P.E., 1975 – Gamete production and the fertile period with particular reference to domesticated birds. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 35, 225-244.
• 12. Lake P.E., Stewart J.M., 1978 – Artificial Insemination in Poultry. London, UK. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Bulletin 213.
• 13. Malecki I.A., 1997 – Reproductive competence and artificial insemination in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). PhD thesis, University of Western Australia, pp. 144.
• 14. Malecki I.A., Holm L., Ridderstrale Y., Martin G.B., 1998 – Sperm storage tubules in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Australian Society for Reproductive Biology, 3.
• 15. Malecki I.A., Martin G.B., 2002a – Fertile period and clutch size in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae).Emu 102, 165-170.
• 16. Malecki I.A., Martin G.B., 2002b – Fertility of male and female emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) as determined by spermatozoa trapped in eggs. Reproduction Fertility Development 14,495-502.
• 17. Malecki I.A., Martin G.B., Lindsay D.R., 1997 – Semen production by the male emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). 2. Effect of collection frequency on the production of semen and spermatozoa.Poultry Science 76, 622-626.
• 18. Mcintyre D.R. Christensen V.L., 1983 – Filling rates of the utero-vaginal sperm storage glands in the turkey. Poultry Science 62, 1652-1656.
• 19. Ogasawara F.X., Rooney W. F., 1965 – Artificial insemination and fertility in turkeys. British Poultry Science 7, 77-82.
• 20. Reinhart B.S., Fiser P.S., 1983 – Evaluation of artificial insemination techniques on fertility in laying hens. Poultry Science 62, 2285-2287.
• 21. Sexton T.J., 1977 – Relationship between number of sperm inseminated and fertility of turkey hens at various stages of production. Poultry Science 56, 1054-1056.
• 22. Shimada K., Saito N., 1989 – Control of oviposition in poultry. Critical Reviews in Poultry Biology 2, 235-253.
• 23. Taneja G.C., Gowe R.C., 1961 – Effect of varying doses of undiluted semen on fertility in the domestic fowl. Nature 181, 828-829.
• 24. Wishart G.J., 1987 – Regulation of the length of the fertile period in the domestic fowl by numbers of oviducal spermatozoa, as reflected by those trapped in laid eggs. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 80, 493-498.