Djatochtatheria - a new suborder of multituberculate mammals

• Autorzy: Kielan-Jaworowska Z , Hurum J H

Warianty tytułu

PL

Djatochtatheria - nowy podrzad multituberkulatow

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Mongolian Late Cretaceous multituberculates (except Buginbaatar) form a monophyletic group for which the suborder Djadochtatheria is proposed. Synapomorphies of Djadochtatheria are: large frontals pointed anteriorly and deeply inserted between the nasals. U-shaped fronto-parietal suture, no frontal-maxilla contact, and edge between palatal and lateral walls of premaxilla. Large, rectangular facial surface of the lacrimal exposed on the dorsal side of the cranial roof is present in all djadochtatherians, but may be a plesiomorphic feature. It is also possible that in djadochtatherians the postglenoid part of the braincase is relatively longer than in other multituberculates. Djadochtatherians have an arcuate p4 (secondarily subtrapezoidal in Catopsbaatar) that does not protrude dorsally over the level of the molars (shared with Eucosmodontidae), I3 placed on the palatal part of the premaxilla (shared with the eucosmodontid Stygimys and the cimolomyid Meniscoessus). The small number of cusps on the upper and lower molars and no more than nine ridges on p4 are possibly plesiomorphies for Djadochtatheria. The djadochtatherian Nessovbaatar multicostatus gen. et sp. n., family incertae sedis from the Barun Goyot Formation is proposed. New specimens of the djadochtatherian genera Kryptobaatar, ?Djadochtatherium, and Kamptobaatar are described and revised diagnoses of these taxa and Sloanbaatar are given. A cladistic analysis of Mongolian Late Cretaceous multituberculates (MLCM), using Pee-Wee and NONA programs and employing 43 dental and cranial characters, 11 MLCM taxa, five selected Late Cretaceous or Paleocene multituberculate genera from other regions, and a hypothetical ancestor based on the structure of Plagiaulacoidea, is performed. The Pee-Wee program yielded two equally fit trees that confirm the monophyly of MLCM excluding Buginbaatar. Kryptobaatar, Djadochtatherium, Catopsbaatar, and Tombaatar form a clade, for which the family Djadochtatheriidae is proposed. Chulsanbaataris the sister taxon of this clade. Bulganbaatar and Nemegtbaatar are the sister group of all other djadochtatherians. Kamptobaatar, Sloanbaatar, and Nessovbaatar form a separate clade in the Pee-Wee tree. The NONAprogram yielded thirty equally parsimonious trees and a strict consensus tree with a poor resolution.

PL

Na podstawie porównań anatomicznych popartych analizą filogenetyczną wykazano, że późnokredowe multituberkulaty (wieloguzkowce) Mongolii, z wyjątkiem rodzaju Buginbaatar, tworzą monofiletyczną grupę, dla której zaproponowano nowy podrząd Djadochtatheria. Podrząd Djadochtatheria charakteryzuje się nastepującymi synapomorfiami: kości czołowe są proporcjonalnie duże i wcinają się głęboko w formie zaostrzonego szpica między kości nosowe; szew czołowo-ciemieniowy jest U-kształtny; kość czołowa nie kontaktuje się ze szczęką; wzłuż kontaktu między podniebienną i boczną powierzchnią kości przedszczękowej występuje ostra krawędź. U wszystkich Djadochtatheria część twarzowa koki łzowej jest duża, w przybliżeniu prostokątna, umieszczona na dachu czaszki, co być może jest cechą symplezjomorficzną. Jest również możliwe, że tylna część czaszki, położona za dołemu żuchwowym jest u Djadochtatheria dłuższa w stosunku do całej czaszki niż u innych multituberkulatów. Djadochtatheria mają łukowaty p4 (wtórnie trapezoidalny u Catopsbaatar), który nie wystaje ponad poziom powierzchni żującej trzonowców (cecha wspólna z Eucosmodontidae), oraz I3 umieszczony na podniebiennej części kości przedszczekowej (cecha wystepująca również u eukosmodontida Stygimys i u cimolomyida Moeniscoessus). Mała liczba guzków na dolnych i górnych trzonowych, oraz nie więcej niż dziewięć grzebieni na p4 są przypuszczalnie cechami symplezjomorficznymi. Z formacji Barun Gojot opisano przedstawiciela Djadochtatheria Nessovbaatar multicostatus gen. et sp. nov., zaliczonego do rodziny incertae sedis. Zaproponowano nową rodzinę Djadochtatheriidae dla rodzajów Kryptobaatar, Djadochtatherium, Catopsbaatar i Tombaatar, a w oparciu o nowe materiały przedstawiono zrewidowane diagnozy czterech rodzajów Djadochtatheria: Sloanbaatar, Kryptobaatar, Djadochtatherium i Kamptobaatar. W celu przeprowadzenia analizy filogenetycznej późnokredowych multituberkulatów Mongolii zaproponowano listę 43 cech (różniącą się, z wyjątkiem dziesięciu cech, od list używanych dotychczas przy analizach filogenetycznych multituberkulatów) oraz matrycę taksonów i cech, obejmująca 17 taksonów. Taksony uwzględnione w analizie obejmują 11 późnokredowych rodzajów z Mongolii, pięć najkompletniej poznanych późnokredowych i paleoceńskich rodzajów z Ameryki Północnej i Azji, oraz hipotetycznego przodka, skonstruowanego na podstawie cech wystepujacych u jurajskich multituberkulatów z rzędu Plagiaulacoidea. W analizie kladystycznej zastosowano dwa różne programy komputerowe: Pee-Wee (Goloboff 1993a, 1996) oraz NONA (Goloboff 1993b), oparty na tej samej zasadzie co powszechnie używany PAUP (Swofford 1993). Program Pee-Wee przedstawił dwa drzewa. Fig. 13 przedstawia krótsze z tych drzew, które potwierdza odrębność Buginbaatar i monofiletyzm Djadochtatheria. Analiza przeprowadzona za pomocą tego programu wykazuje również monofiletyzm rodziny Djadochtatheriidae ustanowionej w pracy (Fig. 13, węzeł 18). Program NONA zaproponował 30 jednakowo oszczędnych drzew. Dwa drzewa ścisłej zgodności (Fig. 14A and 14B) wykazują znacznie gorszą rozdzielczość niż drzewo zaproponowane przez program Pee-Wee, na którym oparto wnioski filogenetyczne.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

fauna kopalna; Djadochtatheriidae; Djadochtatherium; ssaki; czaszki; Tombaatar; Mongolia; kreda; Catopsbaatar; cechy morfologiczne; paleontologia; Kryptobaatar; multituberkulaty; morfologia zwierzat

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 1997
• Tom: 42
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: s.201-242,fot.,rys.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Kielan-Jaworowska Z

• Instytut Paleobiologii PAN, ul.Twarda 51-55, PL-00-818 Warszawa

autor

Hurum J H

• Paleontologisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo, Sars gate 1, N-0562 Oslo, Norway

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