Embryological aspects of in vitro gynogenesis in plant organ cultures

• Autorzy: Mol R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper reviews female gametophyte development in vitro, the pathways of gynogenetic embryogeny, and autonomous endosperm development in vitro, and presents some implications for future investigation of apomictic processes. In most species studied so far, the pattern of embryo sac development was not altered by in vitro conditions, and some rare deviations could be additional sources of gynogenetic embryos. Meiosis in vitro resulted in megaspore formation followed by embryo sac development or direct embryogenesis. Gynogenesis in vitro occurs via various embryological processes. Embryos developed parthenogenetically from egg cells in twelve species. Apogamic development from the synergid or from antipodal cells was found in six species. Early development of gynogenetic embryos showed some similarities to zygotic embryogenesis, but then the embryos often remained undifferentiated or formed microcalli and protocorm-like structures. In nine species the central cell in ovary/ovule cultures was sporadically stimulated to divide into free-nuclear endosperm. Generally only one gynogenetic structure developed per embryo sac, and no embryos appeared in ovules containing autonomous endosperm. Cellular programs for the autonomous development of endosperm and embryo seem quite different or even competitive in vitro. Various approaches should be taken in future research on apomixis. Classical and novel cytological methods, and in vitro organ and cell cultures should be combined with molecular techniques and genetic studies.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

embryo sac; gynogenetic plant; apomixia; tissue culture; zygotic embryogenesis; in vitro; gynogenesis; cellular programme; ovule; fertilization; gametophyte development; endosperm; parthenogenesis; meiosis; experimental embryology; induction

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
• Rocznik: 1999
• Tom: 41
• Opis fizyczny: p.67-74,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Mol R.

• Adam Mickiewicz University, al.Niepodleglosci 14, 61-713 Poznan, Poland

Bibliografia

• Barclay IR 1975. High frequencies of haploid production in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by chromosome elimination. Nature 256: 410-411.
• Bohanec B. 1994. Induction of gynogenesis in agricultural crops: a review. In: Bohanec B and Javornik B [eds.], Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Plant Biotechnology on Agriculture, 43-55. Ljubljana, Slovenia.
• Bongers ABJ, Sukkel M, Gort G, Komen J, and Richter CJJ. 1998. Development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research. Laboratory Animals 32: 349-363.
• Bordes J, Dumas de Valux R, Lapierre A, and Pollacsek M. 1997. Haplodiploidization of maize (Zea mays L.) through induced gynogenesis assisted by glossy markers and its use in breeding. Agronomie 17: 291-297.
• Bugara AM. 1988. Induction ways for sporophytic development in the culture of reproductive cells of flavouring plants. Proceedings of the International Conference on Biology of Cultured Cells and Biotechnology, 225. Novosibirsk, USSR. (In Russian).
• Bugara AM, and Rusina LV. 1989. Haploid callus formation in the culture of unfertilized ovules of clary sage. Fiziologia i Biokhimia Kulturnykh Rastienii 20: 554-560. (In Russian).
• Cass DD, Peteya DJ, and Robertson BL. 1985. Megagametophyte development in Hordeum vulgare. 1. Early megagametogenesis and the nature of cell wall formation. Canadian Journal of Botany 63: 2164-2171.
• Cass DD, Peteya DJ, and Robertson BL. 1986. Megagametophyte development in Hordeum vulgare. 2. Later stages of wall development and morphological aspects of megagametophyte cell differentiation. Canadian Journal of Botany 64: 2327-2336.
• Castillo AM, and Cistue L. 1993. Production of gynogenetic haploids of Hordeum vulgare L. Plant Cell Reports 12: 139-143.
• Chalak L, and Legave JM. 1997. Effects of pollination by irradiated pollen in Hayward kiwifruit and spontaneous doubling of induced parthenogenetic trihaploids. Scientia Horticulturae 68: 83-93.
• Chmielowiec M, Kuta E, Przywara L, and Róg L. 1997. An attempt to induce gynogenesis in Brassica napus L. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica et Zoologica 39, suppl. 1: 49.
• Czapik R. 1991. Some research problems of the endosperm in Angiospermae. Polish Botanical Studies 2: 109-120.
• Czapik R. 1997. Theoretical aspects of apogamety in angiosperms. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Biological Sciences 45: 57-64.
• De Groote DK, and Sherwood RT. 1984. In vitro sexual and apomictic embryo sac development in Cenchrus ciliaris. Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 2053-2057.
• De Verna JW, Collins GB. 1984. Maternal haploids of Petunia axillaris (Lam.) B.S.P. via culture of placenta attached ovules. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 69: 187-192.
• Dresselhaus T, Lörz H, and Kranz E. 1994. Representative cDNA libraries from few plant cells. Plant Journal 5: 605- 610.
• Dumas C, and Mogensen HL. 1993. Gametes and fertilization: Maize as a model system for experimental embryogenesis in flowering plants. Plant Cell 5: 1337-1348.
• Enaleeva NH, and Lobanova LP. 1984. The study of the initial stages of Nicotiana tabacum L. unfertilized, different age ovary cultivation. Abstracts of the International Symposium Plant Tissue and Cell Culture Application to Crop Improvement., 8, Olomouc, Tchechoslovakia.
• Ferrant V, and Bouharmont J. 1994. Origin of gynogenetic embryos of Beta vulgaris L. Sexual Plant Reproduction 7:12-16.
• Folsom MW, and Cass DD. 1990. Embryo sac development in soybean: cellularization and egg apparatus expansion. Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 2135-2147.
• Golubovskaya IN. 1989. Meiosis in maize: mei genes and conception of genetic control of meiosis. In: Scandalios JG [ed.], Advances in Genetics, vol. 26, 149-192.
• Gośka M, and Jassem B. 1988. Histological observations of sugarbeet ovules in in vitro cultures. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Biological Sciences 36: 171-175.
• Gu ZP, and Cheng KC. 1983. In vitro induction of haploid plantlets from unpollinated young ovaries of lily and its embryological observations. Acta Botanica Sinica 25: 24-28. (In Chinese).
• Gustine DL, and Sherwood RT. 1992. Physiology and genetics of apomixis in buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Apomixis Newsletter 4: 40-41. (With authors’ permission)
• Hanna WW, and Bashaw EC. 1987. Apomixis: its identification and use in plant breeding. Crop Science 27: 1136-1139.
• Huang BQ, and Sheridan WF. 1996. Embryo sac development in the maize indeterminate gametophytel mutant: abnormal nuclear behavior and defective microtubular organization. Plant Cell 8: 1391-1407.
• Huang QF, Yang HY, and Zhou C. 1982. Embryological observations on ovary culture of unpollinated young flowers in Hordeum vulgare L. Acta Botanica Sinica 24: 299-300. (In Chinese).
• Jensen WA, Schulz P, and Ashton ME. 1977. An ultrastructural study of early endosperm development and synergid changes in unfertilized cotton ovules. Planta 133: 179-189.
• Kapil RN, and Bhatnagar AK. 1981. Ultrastructure and biology of female gametophyte in flowering plants. International Review of Cytology 70: 291-341.
• Keller ERJ, and Korzun L. 1996. Ovary and ovule culture for haploid production. In: Jain SM, Sopory SK, and Veilleux RE [eds .], In vitro haploid production in higher plants, vol. 1, 217-235. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
• Kojima A, and Nagato Y. 1992 a. Diplosporous embryo-sac formation and the degree of diplospory in Allium tuberosum. Sexual Plant Reproduction 5: 72-78.
• Kojima A, and Nagato Y. 1992 b. Pseudogamous embryogenesis and the degree of parthenogenesis in Allium tuberosum. Sexual Plant Reproduction 5: 79-85.
• Koltunov AM. 1993. Apomixis: embryo sacs and embryos formed without meiosis or fertilization in ovules. Plant Cell 5: 1425-1437.
• Kranz E, and Dresselhaus T. 1996. In vitro fertilization with isolated higher plant gametes. Trends in Plant Sciences 1: 82-89.
• Kranz E, von Wiegen P, and Lörz H. 1995. Early cytological events after induction of cell division in egg cells and zygote development following in vitro fertilization with angiosperm gametes. Plant Journal 8: 9-23.
• Lakra WS, and Das P. 1998. Genetic engineering in aquaculture. Indian Journal of Animal Science 68: 873-879.
• Laurie DA, and Bennett MD. 1990. Early post-pollination events in hexaploid wheat maize crosses. Sexual Plant Reproduction 3: 70-76.
• Li GM, and Yang HY. 1986. Further embryological studies on the in vitro apogamy in Oryza sativa L. Acta Botanica Sinica 28: 229-234. (In Chinese).
• Liu CM, Xu ZH, and Chua NH. 1993. Auxin polar transport is essential for the establishment of bilateral symmetry during early plant embryogenesis. Plant Cell 5: 621-630.
• Lobanova L, and Enaleeva N. 1988. The development of embryo sacs in in vitro ovaries of Nicotiana tabacum L. Plant Science 132: 191-202.
• Matzk F. 1991. A novel approach to differentiated embryos in the absence of endosperm. Sexual Plant Reproduction 4: 88-94.
• Mól R. 1992. In vitro gynogenesis in Melandrium album: from parthenogenetic embryos to mixoploid plants. Plant Science 81: 261-269.
• Mól R. 1993. Embryo sac development during the culture of placenta attached ovules of Melandrium album. Biologia Plantarum 35: 25-30.
• Mól R, Betka A, and Wojciechowicz M. 1995. Induction of autonomous endosperm in Lupinus luteus, Helleborus niger and Melandrium album by in vitro culture of unpollinated ovaries. Sexual Plant Reproduction 8: 273-277.
• Mukhambetzhanov SK. 1997. Culture of nonfertilized female gametophytes in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 48: 111-119.
• Musial K, and Przywara L. 1998. Influence of irradiated pollen on embryo and endosperm development in kiwifruit. Annals of Botany 82: 747-756.
• Olesen P, Buck E, and Keimer B. 1988. Structure and variability of embryos, endosperm and perisperm during in vitro culture of sugar beet, Beta vulgaris ovules. In: Cresti M, Gori P, and Pacini E [eds.], Sexual reproduction in higher plants. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Sexual Reproduction of Higher Plants, 107-112. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• Poddubnaya-Arnoldi WA. 1964. General embryology of angiosperm plants. Izdat. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
• Ponitka A, and Ślusarkiewicz-Jarzina A. 1987. Induction of gynogenesis in selected plant species from the family Papilionaceae. Genetica Polonica 28: 329
• Prudom CE. 1969. Radiation-induced gynogenesis and androgenesis in fish. Heredity 24: 431-444.
• Richert J, Kranz E, Lörz H, and Dresselhaus T. 1996. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for gene expression studies at the single cell level. Plant Science 114: 93-99.
• Rougier M, Antoine AF, Aldon D, and Dumas C. 1996. New lights in early steps of in vitro fertilization in plants. Sexual Plant Reproduction 9: 324-329.
• San Noeum LH. 1979. In vitro induction of gynogenesis in higher plants. Proceedings of the Conference on Broadening Genetic Base of Crops, 327-329. Pudoc, Wageningen.
• Subrahmanyam NC, and Kasha KJ. 1973. Selective chromosomal elimination during haploid formation in barley following interspecific hybridization. Chromosoma 42: 111-125.
• Tian HQ, and Yang HY. 1983. Synergid apogamy and egg cell anomalous division in cultured ovaries of Oryza sativa L. Acta Botanica Sinica 25: 403-408. (In Chinese).
• Tian HQ, and Yang HY. 1989. Haploid embryogeny and plant regeneration in unpollinated ovary culture of Allium tuberosum. Acta Biologica Experientia Sinica 22: 139-147.
• Wei ZY, and Yang HY. 1986. Histochemical studies on in vitro parthenogenesis in Helianthus annuus L. Acta Botanica Sinica 28: 117-122. (In Chinese).
• Wijowska M, Kuta E, and Przywara L. 1998. Autonomous endosperm formation in in vitro culture of unpollinated ovules of Viola odorata L. Folia Morphologica 57: 71.
• Wilson EB. 1925. The cell in development and heredity. 3rd Ed., MacMillan, New York.
• Wu BJ, and Cheng KC. 1982. Cytological and embryological studies on haploid and diploid plant production from cultured unpollinated ovaries of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica. In: Fujiwara A [ed.], Plant tissue culture. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, 119-120. Abe Photo Printing Co. Ltd., Tokyo.
• Yan H, Yang HY, and Jensen W. 1989. An ultrastructural study on in vitro parthenogenesis in Helianthus annuus. American Journal of Botany 76, suppl.: 38.
• Yang HY, Zhou C, Cai DT, Yan H, Wu Y, and Chen XM. 1986. In vitro culture of unfertilized ovules in Helianthus annuus L. In: Hu H and Yang HY [eds.], Haploids of higher plants in vitro, 183-191. China Acad. Press, Beijing, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo.
• Yang HY, Yan H, and Zhou C. 1990. In vitro production of haploids in Helianthus. In: Bajaj YPS [ed.], Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol. 10, Legumes and oilseed crops I, 472-483. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• Zhou C, and Yang HY. 1981. Induction of haploid rice plantlets by ovary culture. Plant Science Letters 20: 231-237.
• Zhou C, Yang HY, Tian HQ, Liu ZL, and Yan H. 1986. In vitro culture of unpollinated ovaries in Oryza sativa L. In: Hu H and Yang HY [eds.], Haploids of higher plants in vitro, 165-181. China Acad. Press, Beijing, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo.
• Zhu ZC, Liu ZY, Wu HS, and An QK. 1981. Development of embryoid from the unpollinated ovary of Nicotiana tabacum cultivated in vitro. Acta Botanica Sinica 23: 499-501. (In Chinese).
• Zverzhanskaya LS, Grishina EV, and Komarova PI. 1977. Cytogenetic investigation of highly haploid maize lines. Genetika 13: 969-972. (In Russian).