PL
Rola standardów urbanistycznych w nowoczesnych systemach strefowania jako narzędzia kontroli zmian w zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Omówienie amerykańskich przykładów strefowania elastycznego. Wpływ wprowadzenia podejść marketingowych do instrumentarium planowania przestrzennego z akcentem na system standardów pozwalających na „prowadzenie" projektów inwestycyjnych. Postulat rozwinięcia badań nad standardami urbanistycznymi.
EN
The author argues that the application of marketing approaches to land use planning can open up new possibilities for experiments with „flexible zoning" in which standards play a crucial role. Particular attention has been given to performance zoning - a land use control technique based on the system of criteria and standards which are designed to guide development projects through the procedures of impact assessment and to measure the compliance of a proposed development with policies adopted in a land use plan. It is the type of flexible zoning system which is designed to guide development with regulations more sensitive to specific sites and changing market conditions than traditional zoning. These features of performance zoning are illustrated by the case of zoning ordinance adopted for the city of Fort Collins, Colorado: Land Development Guidance System (LDGS).Another example of flexible zoning is incentive zoning based on the concept of bonus provision according to which the local gevernment is allowed to grant to a developer additional densities or increased floor areas beyond those specified in zoning ordinance in exchange for a particular kind of benefit to the public (e.g. public space). American experiments with performance zoning could be used as the base for the development of land use control system adjustable to local situations. Both performance zoning and incentive zoning present interesting approaches in the art of compromise between market oriented approaches and those more sensitive to public good as environmental and cultural values. These systems possess, at least, two attractive features - more flexibility than conventional zoninig and stimulate better quality of urban design by the provision of good linkages in two decision - making processes: zoning and design review procedures.