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2008 | 17 | 2 |

Tytuł artykułu

Soil reference materials in ecotoxicity testing- application of the concept of EURO-soils to soils from Poland

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
An attempt to apply the concept of so-called SIM-EURO-Soils, i.e. soils with properties similar to the reference material IRMM-443-EURO-Soils, was undertaken in relation to Polish soils. The aim of SIM-EURO-Soils identification was to find natural soils with specified properties which can be applied as reference materials in ecotoxicity testing and are available in satisfactory amounts. Two hundreds sixty seven soil samples collected from agricultural land in Poland in 2000-04 were included in the evaluation process. The soils were characterized in respect to their basic pedological properties (texture, organic matter content, pH and total nitrogen content) as well as to their level of contamination with heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It was shown that it is possible to select soils with properties corresponding to SIM-EURO-Soils. One tenth of the studied soils was classified as equivalent to three groups of Pol-SIM-EURO-Soils (soils similar to EURO-Soil-1, EURO-Soil-3 and EURO-Soil-4), with half of them corresponding to low-organic, slightly acidic EURO-Soil-1 identified originally in Sicily. Analysis of the results indicates the necessity for further works aimed at identifying new EURO-soil groups typical for Central and East European countries such as Poland. There is also a need of specification of SIM-EURO-Soils criteria, mainly regarding the level of its contamination and methods of analysis.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

17

Numer

2

Opis fizyczny

p.257-266,ref.

Twórcy

  • Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
autor

Bibliografia

  • 1. COM(2006) 231 final. Communication from the Commission of the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection. 22 September 2006. Brussels. 2006.
  • 2. RATTE, H.T., HAMMERS-WIRTZ M., CLEUVERS M., Ecotoxicity testing. p. 221-256. In B.A. Markert et al. (ed.) Bioindicators and Biomonitors. Elsevier. Amsterdam, Boston, London. 2003.
  • 3. ISO 15799. Soil quality – Guidance on the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials. 2003.
  • 4. BREURE, A. M., MULDER CH., RÖMBKE J., RUF A., Ecological classification and assessment concepts in soil protection. Ecotox. Environ. Saf. 62, 211, 2005.
  • 5. ISO/DIS 17402. Soil quality – Guidance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability in soil and soil materials. 2006.
  • 6. KÖRDEL, W., RÖMBKE J., Requirements on physical, chemical and biological testing methods for estimating the quality of soils and soil substrates. J. Soils & Sediments 1, 98, 2001.
  • 7. OECD (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development). No. 207. Guideline for testing of Chemicals. Earthworm Acute Toxicity Test. Paris. 1984.
  • 8. RÖMBKE J., AMORIM M., Tackling the heterogeneity of soils in ecotoxicological testing: An EURO-soil based approach. J. Soils & Sediments 4, 276, 2004.
  • 9. ISO CD 11269-2. Soil quality – Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora – Part 2: Effects of chemicals on the emergence and growth of higher plants. 2002.
  • 10. ISO 22030. Soil quality – Biological methods – Chronic toxicity in higher plants. 2005.
  • 11. OECD (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development), No. 208. Guideline for testing of Chemicals. Proposal for updating guideline 208. Terrestrial Plant Tests. 2008: Seedlings emergence and seedlings growth test. 2003.
  • 12. GAWLIK B.M., BO, F., KETRUPP A., MUNTAU H., Characterisation of a second generation of European reference soils for sorption studies in the framework of chemical testing – Part I: chemical composition and pedological properties. Sci. Total Environ., 229, 99, 1999.
  • 13. GAWLIK B.M., LAMBERTYA., MUNTAU H, PAUWELS J., EURO-SOILS – A set of CMRs for comparability of soil measurements. Fresenius J. Anal.Chem. 370, 220, 2001.
  • 14. OECD (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development) guideline No. 106. Guideline for testing of Chemicals. Adsorption – Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method. Paris. 2000.
  • 15. GAWLIK B.M., KETRUPP A., MUNTAU H., Characterisation of a second generation of European reference soils for sorption studies in the framework of chemical testing –Part II: soil adsorption behavior of organic chemicals. Sci. Total Environ., 229, 109, 1999.
  • 16. GAWLIK B.M., MARTENS D., SCHRAMM K.W., KETTRUP A., LAMBERTYA., MUNTAU H., On the presence of PCDD/Fs and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in the second generation of the European Reference Soil Set – the EUROSOILS. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 368, 407, 2000.
  • 17. GAWLIK B.M., LAMBERTY A., PAUWELS J.,BLUM W.E.H., MENTLER A., BUSSIAN B., EKLO O., FOX K.,KÖRDEL W., HENNECKE D., MAURER T., PERRINGANIER C., ROMERO-TABOADA E., SZABO G., MUNTAU H., Certification of the European reference Soil Set (IRMM-443-EURO-SOILS). Part II. Soil pH in suspensions of water and CaCl2. Sci. Total Environ. 312, 33, 2003.
  • 18. AMORIM M., Effects of various soil properties on ecotoxicological testing. PhD Thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Spain, 2004.
  • 19. TERELAK H., MOTOWICKA-TERELAK T., MALISZEWSKA-KORDYBACH B., PIETRUCH CZ., Monitoring of the chemical properties of arable soils in Poland – Research programme and the results 1995 and 2000, Biblioteka Monitoringu Środowiska, Warszawa, pp. 146, 2002 [In Polish].
  • 20. MALISZEWSKA-KORDYBACH B., Organic Contaminants in Agricultural Soils in Central and East European Countries as compared to West European Countries; example of PAHs. In: „Soil Quality, Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Security in Central and Eastern Europe” M.J. Wilson and B.Maliszewska-Kordybach (editors), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Printed in Netherlands, pp. 49-60. 2000.
  • 21. PN-R-04032. Soils and mineral soil materials. Soil sampling and determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material, 1998 [In Polish].
  • 22. PN-ISO 14235. Soil quality – determination of organic carbon in soil by sulfochromic oxidation, 2003.
  • 23. TYURIN I.Y., A new modification of the volumetric method of determination soil organic matter by means of chromic acid. Pochvovedenie, 36, 36, 1931 [In Russian]
  • 24. PN-ISO 10390. Soil quality – Determination of pH, 1997.
  • 25. PN-ISO 11261. Soil quality- Determination of total nitrogen–Modified Kjedahl method, 1995.
  • 26. ISO 18287. Soil quality – Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) – Gas chromatographic method with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS), 2006.
  • 27. MALISZEWSKA-KORDYBACH B., KLIMKOWICZ-PAWLAS A., SMRECZAK B., JANUSAUSKAITE D., Ecotoxicological effect of phenanthrene on nitrifying bacteria in soils of different properties. J. Environ. Quality, 36, 1635, 2007.
  • 28. PN-ISO 11466. Soil quality – Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia. 2002.
  • 29. PN-ISO 11047. Soil quality – Determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc – Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods, 2001.
  • 30. Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska w sprawie standardów jakości gleby oraz standardów jakości ziemi, Dz.U. nr 165, poz. 1359, 2002 [In Polish].
  • 31. BN-78/9180-11: Soil and mineral soil materials – Distribution on granulometric fractions and groups, 1978 [In Polish].
  • 32. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Guidelines for soil description. Fourth edition. Rome, Italy, 2006.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

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