Crouching theropod and Navahopus sauropodomorph tracks from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of USA

• Autorzy: Milan J , Loope D.B. , Bromley R.G.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Numerous tracks and trackways are preserved in the a cross−strata of the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of northern Arizona and southern Utah, USA. Tracks and trackways of small theropod dinosaurs are particularly abundant within one 10−m−thick interval. This paper describes a crouching trace from a theropod dinosaur that shows impressions of all four limbs, the ischial callosity, the tail, and tracks leading to and away from the crouching site, and revises the interpretation of a well preserved trackway hitherto referred to the synapsid ichnogenus Brasilichnium and here considered to be from a sauropodomorph dinosaur. It is named Navahopus coyoteensisisp. nov. on the basis of morphological differences from the type ichnospecies N. falcipollex. The ichnofamily Navahopodidae is revised to include Tetrasauropous unguiferus, Navahopus falcipollex, and N. coyoteensis.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Navajo Sandstone Formation; Navahopus coyoteensis; Early Jurassic; crouching trace; paleontology; Navahopodidae; sauropodomorph track; ichnology; Southern Utah; USA; theropod dinosaur; Theropoda; trackway; locomotory habit; Sauropodomorpha; Navahopus; Jurassic; Northern Arizona; remains; theropod track

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 53
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.197-205,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Milan J

• University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark

autor

Loope D.B.

autor

Bromley R.G.

Bibliografia

• Allen, J.R.L. 1984. Sedimentary Structures: their Character and Physical Basis, v. II. Developments in Sedimentology 30: 1–149. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
• Baird, D. 1980. A prosauropod dinosaur trackway from the Navaho Sandstone (Lower Jurassic) of Arizona. In: L.L. Jacobs (ed.), Aspects of Vertebrate History, 219–230. Museum of Northern Arizona Press, Flagstaff.
• Brand, L.R. and Tang, T. 1991. Fossil vertebrate footprints in the Coconino Sandstone (Permian) of northern Arizona: Evidence for underwater origin. Geology 19: 1201–1204.
• DeBlieux, D.D., Kirkland, J.I., Smith, J.A., McGuire, J., and Santucci, V.L. 2006. An overview of the paleontology of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic rocks in Zion National Park, Utah. In: J.D. Harris, S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, M.G. Lockley, A.R.C. Milner, and J.I. Kirkland (eds.), The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37: 490–501.
• Ekdale, A.A., Bromley, R.G., and Loope, D.B. 2007. Ichnofacies of an ancient erg: a climatically influenced trace fossil association in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, southern Utah, USA. In: W. Miller (ed.), Trace Fossils, Consepts, Problems, Prospects, 562–574. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
• Ellenberger, P. 1970. Les niveaux paléontologiques de premiere apparition des mammiféres primordiaux en Afrique du Sud et leur ichnologie: Establissement de zones stratigraphiques detaillées dans le Stormberg de Leshoto (Afrique du Sud) (Trias Superieur a Jurassique). In: S.H. Haughton (ed.), I.U.G.S., 2nd Symposium on Gondwana Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 343–370. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria.
• Ellenberger, P. 1972. Contribution à la classification des pistes de vertébrés du Trias: Les types du Stormberg d’Afrique du Sud (I). Paleovertebrata, Memoire Extraordinaire 1972: 1–152.
• Fornós, J.J., Bromley, R.G., Clemmensen, L.B., and Rodriguez−Perea, A. 2002. Tracks and trackways of Myotragus balearicus Bate (Artiodactyla, Caprinae) in Pleistocene aites from Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 180: 277–313.
• Galton, P.M. 1971. The prosauropod dinosaur Ammosaurus, the crocodile Protosuchus, and their bearing on the age of the Navaho Sandstone of northeastern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology 45: 781–795.
• Hitchcock, E. 1848. An attempt to discriminate and describe the animals that made the fossil footmarks of the United States, and especially of New England. American Academy of Arts & Sciences Memoir (n.s.) 3: 129–256.
• Hunt, A.P. and Lucas. S.G. 2006. The taxonomic status of Navahopus falcipollex and the ichnofauna and ichnofacies of the Navajo lithosome (Lower Jurassic) of Western North America. In: J.D. Harris, S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, M.G. Lockley, A.R.C. Milner, and J.I. Kirkland (eds.), The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37: 164–169.
• Hunter, R.E. and Rubin, D.M. 1983. Interpreting cyclic crossbedding, with an example from the Navajo Sandstone. In: M.E. Brookfield and T.S. Ahlbrandt (eds.), Sediments and Processes, 429–454. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
• Irmis, R.B. 2005. A review of the vertebrate fauna of the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone in Arizona. Mesa Southwest Museum Bulletin 11: 55–71.
• Lockley, M.G. 1992. Comment and reply on “Fossil vertebrate footprints in the Coconino sandstone (Permian) of northern Arizona: evidence for underwater origin”. Geology 20: 666–667.
• Lockley, M.G. 1998. The vertebrate track record. Nature 396: 429–432.
• Lockley, M.G. 2005. Enigmatic dune walkers from the abyss: Some thoughts on water and track preservation in ancient and modern deserts. Canyon Legacy 54: 43–51.
• Lockley, M. and Hunt, A.P. 1995. Dinosaur Tracks and Other Fossil Footprints of the Western United States. 338 pp. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Lockley, M.G., King, M., Howe, S., and Sharp, T. 1996. Dinosaur tracks and other archosaur footprints from the Triassic of South Wales. Ichnos 5: 23–41.
• Lockley, M.G., Lucas, S.G., and Hunt, A.P. 2006. Evazoum and the renaming of northern hemisphere “Pseudotetrasauropus”: Implications for tetrapod ichnotaxonomy at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. In: J.D. Harris, S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, M.G. Lockley, A.R.C. Milner, and J.I. Kirkland (eds.), The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37: 199–206.
• Lockley, M., Matsukawa, M., and Jianjun, L. 2003. Crouching theropods in taxonomic jungles: ichnological and ichnotaxonomic investigations of footprints with metatarsal and ischial impressions.Ichnos 10: 169–177.
• Lockley, M.G. and Meyer, C.A. 2000. Dinosaur Tracks and Other Fossil Footprints of Europe. 323 pp. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Loope, D.B. 1992. Comment on “Fossil vertebrate footprints in the Coconino sandstone (Permian) of Northern Arizona: evidence for underwater origin”. Geology 20: 667–668.
• Loope, D.B. 2006. Dry−season tracks in dinosaur−triggered grainflows. Palaios 21: 132–142.
• Loope, D.B. and Rowe, C.M. 2003. Long−lived pluvial episodes during deposition of the Navajo Sandstone. The Journal of Geology 111: 223–232.
• Lull, R.S. 1915. Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin 24: 1–285.
• Lull, R.S. 1953. Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley. State Geological and Natural History Survey, Bulletin 81: 1–336.
• Milàn, J. 2006. Variations in the morphology of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) tracks, reflecting differences in walking pattern and substrate consistency: ichnotaxonomic implications. Palaeontology 49: 405–420.
• Milner, A.R.C., Lockley, M.G., and Johnson, S.B. 2006. The story of the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm: an important new Lower Jurassic dinosaur tracksite from the Moenave Formation of southwestern Utah. In: J.D. Harris, S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, M.G. Lockley, A.R.C. Milner, and J.I. Kirkland (eds.), The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition.New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37: 329–345.
• Olsen, P.E. and Galton, P.M. 1984. A review of the reptile and amphibian assemblages from the Stormberg of Southern Africa, with special emphasis on the footprints and the age of the Stormberg. Palaeontologica Africana 25: 87–110.
• Porchetti, S.D. and Nicosa, U. 2007. Re−examination of some large Early Mesozoic tetrapod footprints from the African collection of Paul Ellenberger. Ichnos 14: 219–245.
• Rainforth, E. 2003. Revision and re−evaluation of the Early Jurassic dinosaurian ichnogenus Otozoum. Palaeontology 46: 803–838.
• Reynolds, R.E. 2006. Way out west: Jurassic tracks on the continental margin. In: J.D. Harris, S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, M.G. Lockley, A.R.C. Milner, and J.I. Kirkland (eds.), The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition.New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37: 232–237.
• Shibata, K., Matsukawa, M., and Lockley, M.G. 2006. Energy flow modeling applied to data from the Lower Jurassic Nanajo Sandstone, western North America: implications for ecological replacement between the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic ecosystems. In: J.D. Harris, S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, M.G. Lockley, A.R.C. Milner, and J.I. Kirkland (eds.), The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37: 29–42.
• Yang, X.L. and Yang, D.H. 1987. Dinosaur Footprints of Sichuan Basin. 30 pp. Science and Technology Publications, Chengdu City.
• Weems, R.E. 2006. The manus print ofKayentapus minor: its bearing on the biomechanics and ichnotaxonomy of early Mesozoic saurischian dinosaurs. In: J.D. Harris, S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, M.G. Lockley, A.R.C. Milner, and J.I. Kirkland (eds.), The Triassic–Jurassic Terrestrial Transition. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37: 369–378.
• Yates, A.M. 2004. Anchisaurus polyzelus (Hitchcock): the smallest known sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of gigantism among sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Postilla 230: 1–58.