Accumulation of zinc and lead in selected taxa of the genus Viola L.

• Autorzy: Jedrzejczyk M. , Rostanski A. , Malkowski E.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study investigates the effect of high concentrations of Pb and Zn on biomass production and accumulation of both metals in zinc violets (Viola calaminaria and Viola guestphalica) and two species of violets indigenous to Poland (Viola lutea sudetica and Viola tricolor). The influence of the plants on soil pH also was assessed. The soil used in the experiments, containing 183 mg kg-1 Zn and 53.4 mg kg-1 Pb, was spiked with Zn and Pb at 1,000 mg/kg soil (Treatment 1) or Zn at 10,000 mg/kg and Pb at 1,000 mg/kg (Treatment 2). Zn concentrations were found to be higher in roots than in shoots in all investigated species. In zinc violets, Zn content in the soil correlated with Zn concentrations in plant tissue, both roots and above-ground parts. There was no such dependence among indigenous violets. Since all confirmed hyperaccumulators accumulate metals preferentially in shoots, with lower concentrations in roots, our results suggest that zinc violets should not be classified as Zn hyperaccumulators. V. l. sudetica occurs naturally on soils with low heavy metals content. Its roots accumulated the highest amount of Zn (6,498 mg/kg) observed in the current study with no toxic effects. Roots were able to change the soil pH, but the differences were not significant. V. l. sudetica and V. tricolor increased biomass significantly in Treatment 1 versus the control, but in Treatment 2 neither species differed in biomass from the control. In Viola guestphalica no influence of treatments on dry weight was observed. We suggest that zinc violets can be useful for phytorestoration of contaminated sites.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Viola guestphalica; Viola calaminaria; Viola tricolor; Viola lutea sudetica; violet; soil; zinc; lead; accumulation; plant systematics; heavy metal; Viola

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: 44
• Opis fizyczny: p.49-55,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Jedrzejczyk M.

• University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland

autor

Rostanski A.

autor

Malkowski E.

Bibliografia

• Blaylock M, Salt DE, Dushenkov V, Zakharova O, Gussman C, Kapulnik Y, Ensley BD, and Raskin I. 1997. Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil applied chelating agents. Environmental Science and Technology 31: 860-865.
• Borkowska B. 1988. Aluminium toxicity. Wiadomości Botaniczne 32: 157-166 [in Polish].
• Brooks R. 1998. Geobotany and hyperaccumulators. In: Brooks R [ed.], Plants that hyperaccumulate heavy metals, 55-94. CAB International, New York.
• Burzyński M. 1987. The uptake and transpiration of water and the accumulation of lead by plants growing on lead chloride solutions. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 56: 271- 280.
• Epstein AL, Gussman CD, Blaylock MJ, Yermiyahu U, Huang JW, Kapulnik Y, and Orser CS. 1999. EDTA and Pb-EDTA accumulation in Brassica juncea grown in Pb-amended soil. Plant and Soil 208: 87-94.
• Ernst W. 1974. Schwermetallvegetation der Erde. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
• Ernst W. 1990. Mine vegetation in Europe. In: Shaw J [ed.], Heavy metal tolerance in plants: Evolutionary aspects, 21- 35. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
• Ernst W, and Joosse-van Damme E. 1989. Zanieczyszczenie środowiska substancjami mineralnymi. PWRiL, Warszawa.
• Kabata-Pendias A, and Pendias H. 1993. Biogeochemia pierwiastków śladowych. PWN, Warszawa.
• Kakes P. 1977. Genecological investigations on zinc plants II. Introgression in a small population of the zinc violet Viola calaminaria ssp. westfalica (Lej.) Ernst. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 26: 385.
• Lambinon J, and Auquier P. 1963. La flore et la vegetation des terrains calaminaires de la Wallonie septentrionale et de la Rhénanie aixoise. Types chorologiques et groupes êcologicues. Natura Mosana 16: 113-131.
• Małkowski E, Kita A, Galas W, Karcz W, and Kuperberg JM. 2002. Lead distribution in com seedlings (Zea mays L.) and its effect on the growth and the concentrations of potassium and calcium. Plant Growth Regulation 37: 69-76.
• Marschner H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press Ltd., London.
• Marschner H, and Römheld V. 1996. Root-induced changes in the availability of micronutrients in the rhizosphere. In: Weisel Y, Eshel A, Kafkafi V [eds.], Plant roots. The hidden half. Marcel Dekker, New York.
• Mayer J. 1995. Verteilung von Schwermetallen in Pflanzen und im Boden des Naturschutzgebietes "Waldwiese im Wschebachtal". Masters thesis. University of Münster.
• Meusel H, Jäger E, Rauschert S, and Weinert E. 1978. Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. Bd. 2, Karten Bd. 2. Fischer Verlag, Jena.
• Michalak E, and Wierzbicka M. 1998. Differences in lead tolerance between Allium cepa plants developing from seeds and bulbs. Plant and Soil 199: 251-260.
• Nauenburg J. 1986. Untersuchungen zur Variabilität, Ökologie und Systematik der Viola tricolor - Gruppe in Mitteleuropa. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Göttingen.
• Ostrowska A, Gawliński S, and Szczubiałka Z. 1991. Metody analizy i oceny właściwości gleb i roślin. Katalog. Instytut Ochrony Środowiska, Warszawa [in Polish].
• Pardey A. 1999. Grundlagen des Naturschutzes auf Schwermetallstandorten in NRW. Abiotische Verhaeltnise, Flora, Vegetation, Fauna, aktuelle Schutzsituation und zukünftige Zielsetzungen. In: Pardey A et al. [eds.], Naturschutz - Rahmenkonzeption Galmeifluren NRW. Landesanstalt für Oekologie, Bodenordung und Forsten / Landesamt für Agrarordnung NRW, LOBF-Schriftenreihe, Band 16.
• Rostański A. 1997. Accumulation of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn) in soil and in plants from the surroundings of some contamination-emitters in Upper Silesia region (Poland). Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska 23: 181-189 [in Polish].
• Salt DE, and Kräemer U. 2000. Mechanismus of metal hyperaccumulation in plants. In: Raskin I and Ensley BD [eds.], Phytoremediation of toxic metals: using plants to clean up the environment. John Wiley & Sons, INC., New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto.
• Sas-Nowosielska A, Kucharski R, Małkowski E, Nowosielski O, and Pogrzeba M. 2000. Zinc plant toxicity in process of lead and cadmium phytoextraction. Ochrona Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 20: 35-39.
• Schwickerath M. 1944. Das Hohe Venn und seine Rangebiete. Fischer Verlag, Jena.
• Simon E. 1975. La dynamique de la vegetation de quelques sites metalliferes dans les facteurs edaphiques. Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique 108: 237-286.
• Simon E. 1978. Heavy metal in soils, vegetation development and heavy metal tolerance in plant populations from metalliferous areas. The New Phytologist 81: 175-188.
• Symeonidis L, and Karataglis S. 1992. Interactive effects of cadmium, lead and zinc on root growth of two metal tolerant genotypes of Holcus lanatus L. BioMetals 5: 173-178.
• Tokarska-Guzik B, Rostański A, and Klotz S. 1991. Vegetation of the zinc smelter spoil heap in Katowice-Wełnowiec. Acta Biologica Silesiana 19: 94-102 [in Polish].
• Valentine D, Merxmüller H, and Schmidt A. 1968. Viola. In: Tutin E et al. [eds.], Flora Europaea, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Vangronsveld J, and Cunningham SD. 1998. Introduction to the concepts. In: Vangronsveld J and Cunningham SD [eds.], Metal - contaminated soils: In situ inactivation and phytorestoration, 1-15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
• Vangronsveld J, van Assche F, and Clusters H. 1995. Reclamation of a bare industrial area contaminated by non-ferrous metals: in situ metal immobilization and revegetation. Environmental Pollution 87: 51-59.
• Wierzbicka M. 1995. Oddziaływanie metali ciężkich na rośliny. Kosmos 44: 649-651 [in Polish].
• Wisskirchen R, and Haeupler H. 1998. Standardliste der Farn- und Blumenpflanzen Deutschlands. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart.
• Wójcik A, and Tukendorf A. 1995. Stress avoidance strategy in heavy metal resistance of plants. Wiadomości Botaniczne 39: 33-40 [in Polish].