Lura - indiogenous approach to biodiversity conservation by temporary community confinement of Mithuns (Bos frontalis) during growing season

• Autorzy: Jini D. , Bhagawati K. , Singh R. , Bhagawati R. , Alone R.A. , Ngachan S.V.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The extraordinary knowledge of indigenous people about their immediate environment and natural resource base can be a great asset for conservation of biodiversity. The current study aims to investigate an indigenous method of grazing management through temporary confinement of Mithun (Bos frontalis) of whole village community in a well selected area in the forest during the cropping and growing season. The whole system is called Lura and practiced by Galo tribes of Eastern Himalayan region of India. Every year Lura management committee is formed that selects a new site based on number of Mithuns, forage availability, time period and several other key criteria without affecting flora-fauna diversity and rare medicinal plants. The practice checks continuous, free, random and selective grazing by Mithuns. It prevent continuous disturbance of soil surface due to treading, during growing and rainy seasons that avoid soil erosion and compaction, and facilitate seedling germination and the invasion by plants. Change of site, provide resting period to the forages in the previous Lura site especially during growth stage that allow them to renew and regenerate appreciably within 1-2 months. It also saves resources and time for construction of fencing in each Jhum and other agricultural site of each farmer. The confinement offers easy monitoring, protection and regular health assessment of the livestock. Thus, it is a multifaceted indigenous practice that ensures grazing management, biodiversity conservation, protection of standing agricultural crops and animal health management

Słowa kluczowe

EN

India; Himalayan area; ethnomedicine; biodiversity conservation; growing season; grazing; overgrazing; gayal; Bos frontalis

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: International Letters of Natural Sciences
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 44
• Opis fizyczny: p.45-52,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Jini D.

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Arunachal Pradesh Centre, Basar- 791101, India

autor

Bhagawati K.

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Arunachal Pradesh Centre, Basar- 791101, India

autor

Singh R.

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Arunachal Pradesh Centre, Basar- 791101, India

autor

Bhagawati R.

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Arunachal Pradesh Centre, Basar- 791101, India

autor

Alone R.A.

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Arunachal Pradesh Centre, Basar- 791101, India

autor

Ngachan S.V.

• Indian Council of Agricultural Research, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Arunachal Pradesh Centre, Basar- 791101, India

Bibliografia

• [1] C. Sobrevila. Role of Indigenous People in Biodiversity Conservation. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK, 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A, 2008.
• [2] S.G. Bazha. Contemporary processes of degradation of pastoral steppe ecosystems in Mongolia. Proceedings of International conference. Ecological consequences of Biosphere process in the ecotone zone of southern Siberia and Central Asia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, (2010).
• [3] M.B. Coughenour, F.J Singer. The concept of overgrazing and its application to Yellowstone’s northern range, In: R.B. Keiter, M.S. Boyce (Eds.); The Greater Yellowstone ecosystem. Redefining America’ Wilderness Heritage. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1991, pp-29-30.
• [4] A. Mysterud. The concept of overgrazing and its role in management of large harbivores. Wildlife Biology 12 (2006)129-141.
• [5] T. Swanson. Global Action for Biodiversity Conservation: An International Framework for Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity, Earth Scan, London, 2013.
• [6] C. Hogan. Overgrazing.(2012) www.ecoearth.org/view/article/155088
• [7] R.L. Jefferis, D.R. Klein, G.R. Shaver. Vertebrate herbivores and northern plant communities: reciprocal influences and responses, Oikos, 71 (1994) 193-206
• [8] N.T. Hobbs. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Management, 60 (1996) 695-713
• [9] D.J. Augustine, S.J. McNaughton. Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance, Journal of Wildlife Management, 62 (1998) 1165-1183
• [10] J.P. Bakker. The impact of grazing on plant communities. In: M.F. WallisDe Vries, J.P. Bakker, S.E. Van Wieren (Eds), Grazing and conservation management. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1998, pp. 137-185
• [11] G. Austrheim, O. Eriksson. Plant species diversity and grazing in the Scandinavian mountains-patterns and processed at different spatial scales, Ecography. 24 (2001) 683-695.
• [12] L. Torrano, J. Valderŕabano. 2005. Review. Impact of grazing on plant communities in forestry areas. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(1) (2005) 93-105
• [13] S. Archer, F.E. Smeins. Ecosystem-level processes. In: R.K. Heitschmidt, J.W. Stuth (Eds.), Grazing management. An ecological perspective Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA, 1991, pp. 109-139.
• [14] T.A. Hanley. A nutritional view of understanding and complexity in the problem for diet selection by deer (Cervidae), Oikos, 79 (1997) 209-218.
• [15] PAI (Plant-Animal Interactions). Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/SEA/Tim/plant-animal.htm. (2004)
• [16] L.R. Oldemann, R.T.A. Hakkeling, W.C. Sombroek. World Map of the Status of Humaninduced Soil Degradation: An Explanatory Note, 2nd revised edn. International Soil Reference and Information Centre, Nairobi/United Nations Environment Programme, Wageningen (1991)
• [17] M.A. Steffens, Kölbl, K.U. Totsche, I. Kögel-Knabner. Grazing effects on soil chemical and physical properties in a semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia (P.R. China), Geoderma, 143 (2008) 63–72.
• [18] M.B. Villamil M. B., N. M. Amiotti & N. Peinemann. Physical fertility loss of soils in the southern Caldenal region, (Argentina), by overgrazing. Ciencia-del-Suelo. 15 (1997) 2. 102-104.
• [19] Kátai J. Relationships between the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics on a grassland experiment. Proc. of the 17 th General Meeting of the EGF, Debr, 1998, 77-81.
• [20] E. Mapfumo, D.S. Chanasyk, V.S. Baron, M.A. Naeth. Grazing impacts on selected soil parameters under short-term forage sequences, J. of Range Manage, 53 (2000) 466-470.
• [21] LingHao, L. Ch. ZuoZhong, Q. QiBing, L. XianHua, L. YongHong, L. H. Li, Z. Z. Chen, O. B. Wang & X. H. Liu. Changes in soil carbon storage due to over-grazing in Leymus chinensis steppe in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia. Journal of Environmental Sciences 9(4) (1997) 486-490
• [22] D. Pratt. Stop Overgrazing. Beef. Minneapolis. 38 (2002)12. 22.
• [23] D.N. Hyder, R. E. Bement, E. E. Remmenga & D. F. Hervey. Ecological responses of native plants and guidelines for management of shortgrass range. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Res. Service, Tech. Bulletin Number 1503, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 87 (1975)
• [24] D. Price, D. “What is Overgrazing?” Beef (periodical), Primedia Business Magazines, May 1(1999)
• [25] R.A. Gregory, P.M. Wargo. Timing of defoliation and its effect on bud development, starch reserves and sap sugar concentration in sugar maple. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 16 (1986) 10-17.
• [26] S.A. Grant, G.T. Barthram, W.I.C. Lamb, J.A. Milne. Effects of season and level on grazing on the utilization of heather by sheep. 1. Responses of the sward. Journal of Brazilian Grassland Society, 33 (1978) 289-300.
• [27] G.R. Miller, C. Geddes, D.K. Mordon. Response of the alpine gentran Gentiana nivalis L. to protection from grazing by sheep, Biological Conservation 87 (1999) 311-318
• [28] M. Mondal, A. Dhali, C. Rajkhowa, B.S. Prakash. Secretion Patterns of Growth Hormone in Growing Captive Mithuns (Bos frontalis). Zoological Science. 21 (2004) 1125-1129.
• [29] Livestock Census (19th). Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, 2012.
• [30] WWF Annual Report. WWF International Avenue du Mont-Blanc 1196 Gland Switzerland, 2005, Pp: 24
• [31] S.N. Hegde. Arunachal Pradesh State Biodiveristy Stretagy & Action Plan - Final Report. State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar, 2002.
• [32] K. Haridasan, G.P. Shukla, B. S. Benewal. Medicinal Plants of Arunachal Pradesh. SFRI Information Bulletin, No.5. State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar, 1989.
• [33] S. Rajkhowa, C. Rajkhowa, K.M. Bajrbauah. Diseases of mithun (Bos Frontalis) a revised Veterinary Bulletin 73 (2003) IR-6R.
• [34] T. Heli, S. Saikia. Mithun: The pride of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Farming, 57(5) (1996) 33- 35
• [35] J.H. Tallis, D.W. Yalden. Peak District Moorland Restoration Project: Phase 2 Report. RPvegetation Trials. Peak Park Joint Planning Board, Bakewell, 1983.
• [36] F.H. Harold, R.D. Child. Rangeland Ecology and Management. Westview Press, Inc. New- York. U.S.A, 1994.
• [37] BCMF (British Columbia, Ministry of Forests). 2002. Considering tools for remediation. Rangeland Health Brochure 4. British Columbia, Canada, 2002, pp. 1-22
• [38] L. Czeglédi, A. Radácsi. Overutilization of Pastures by Livestock. GYEPGAZDÁLKODÁSI KÖZLEMÉNYEK, 5 (2005) 29-35
• [39] Marañón T. Biodiversidad de las comunidades vegetales: escalas y components (Biodiversity of plant communities: Scales and Components). Proceeding of XXXVII Reunión Científica de la SEEP, Sevilla-Huelva, Spain, 1997, pp. 15-24.
• [40] R.W. Mc Dowell, J. J. Drewry, R. J. Paton. Effects of deer grazing and fence- line pacing on water and soil quality. Journal of Soil Use and Management 20 (2004) 302-307.
• [41] R. Evans. Overgrazing and soil erosion on hill pastures with particular reference to the Peak District. Journal of the British Grassland Society 32 (1977) 65-76.
• [42] W.R. Teague, S.L. Dowhower, S.A. Baker, R.J. Ansley, U. P. Kreuter. Soil and herbaceous plant responses to summer patch burns under continuous and rotational grazing, J. of Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 137 (2010) 113–123.
• [43] H. Azarnivand, A. Farajollahi, E. Bandak, H. Pouzesh. Assessment of the Effects of Overgrazing on the Soil Physical Characteristic and Vegetation Cover Changes in Rangelands of Hosainabad in Kurdistan Province, Iran. Journal of Rangeland Science, 1(2) (2011) 95-102
• [44] M.A. Mohamed Saleem. Nutrient balance patterns in African livestock systems, Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 71 (1998) 241-254

Uwagi

Rekord w opracowaniu

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.44.45