Species Composition and Occurrence of Thrips on Tomato and Pepper as Influenced by Farmers’ Management Practices in Uganda

• Autorzy: Ssemwogerere Ch. , Ochwo-Ssemakula M. K. N. , Kovach J. , Kyamanywa S. , Karungi J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A biological monitoring survey was carried out in central Uganda for two consecutive seasons to provide information on species composition and occurrence of thrips on tomato and pepper as influenced by farmers’ management practices. A total of 50 farms for each crop participated in the study. Data was collected on cropping system, crop variety, type of pesticide used, pesticide spray regime, and on thrips populations. Results indicated that a total of six thrips species: Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci, F. schultzei, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Ceratothrips ericae and Megalurothrips sjostedti infest tomato in the region. Pepper had the same thrips profile with the exception of F. schultzei. There was a distinct seasonal effect on thrips occurrence in the case of tomato. Higher thrips populations (61%) were recorded in the first season of the study as compared to the second. The majority of the thrips were recorded in the flowering stage of crop development for both crops, and 100% in the case of pepper. Generally, for both crops, plants in intercropped arrangements had higher thrips counts than the monocropped ones. Different tomato/pepper varieties sustained variable thrips populations. All the farmers applied pesticides to manage the complex of pests on the crops, albeit to variable extents. In this region, thrips populations were reduced when an increase in the number of pesticide applications in a given week was used.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Plant Protection Research
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 53
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.158-164,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Ssemwogerere Ch.

• School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

autor

Ochwo-Ssemakula M. K. N.

• School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

autor

Kovach J.

• Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, 138 Selby, Ohio Agricultural Research Development Centre Wooster, Ohio 44691 USA

autor

Kyamanywa S.

• School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

autor

Karungi J.

• School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda

Bibliografia

• Akemo C.M., Kyamanywa S., Ssekyewa C., Luther G.E., Wilson H., Erbaugh M., Warren H. 1999. Developing IPM systems for tomato diseases and pests in central Uganda. p. 117-121. In: “Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP)”. Sixth Annu. Rep.
• Alghali A.M. 1992a. On farm evaluation of control strategies for insect pests of cowpea with emphasis on flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Trop. Pests Manage. 38 (34): 420-424.
• Alghali A.M. 1992b. Insecticide application schedules to reduce grain yield losses caused by insect pests of cowpea in Nigeria. Insect Sci. Appl. 13 (5): 725-730.
• Andrews J. 1984. Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 274 pp.
• Bal A.B. 1991. Action threshold for flower thrips on cowpea [Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.] in Senegal. Trop. Pest Manage. 37 (4): 363-367.
• Bommarco R., Ekbom B. 1995. Phenology and prediction of pea aphid infestation on peas. Int. J. Pest Manage. 41 (2): 109-113.
• Bosland P.W., Votava E.J. 2000. Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicum. Crop Production Science in Horticulture, Series No. 12. CABI Publishing, United Kingdom, 230 pp.
• Buyinza M., Mugagga F. 2010. Economic viability of hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cultivation in agroforestry farming system in Kamuli district. Uganda. J. Innov. Dev. Strategy 4 (1): 12-17.
• Childers C.C., Brecht J.K. 1996. Colored sticky traps for monitoring Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripi dae) during flowering cycles in citrus. J. Econ. Entomol. 89 (5): 1240-1249.
• Defrancq M. 1989. Report on Consultancy on Plant Protection in Horticulture. UGA/87/003, FAO/UNDP, 46 pp.
• de Kogel W.J., Koschier E.H. 2003. Thrips responses to plant odors. p. 189-190. In: 7th International Symposium on Thysanoptera: Thrips, Plants, Tospoviruses: the Millenial Review (R. Marullo, L. Mound, eds.). Reggio Calabria, Italy, 2-7 July 2003.
• Dobson H., Copper J., Manyangarirwa W., Karuma J., Chiimba W. 2002. Integrated Vegetable Pest Management: Safe and Sustainable Protection of Small-Scale Brassicas and Tomatoes - A Handbook for Extension Staff and Trainers in Zimbabwe. NRI, University of Greenwich, UK, 179 pp.
• FAO. 1990. Production Year Book 1989. Vol. 43. FAO Statistics Series 28. FAO, Rome, Italy, 309 pp.
• FAO. 2003. World Agriculture Information Center Database. Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/waicent/portal/statistics_ en.asp. Accessed: March 2012.
• Funderburk J.E, Stavisky J., Olson S. 2000. Predation of Frankliniellaoccidentalis (Pergande) in field peppers by Orius insidiosus (Say). Environ. Entomol. 29: 376-382.
• Hooks C.R.R., Johnson M.W. 2003. Impact of agricultural diversification on the insect community of cruciferous crops. Crop Prot. 22 (2): 223-238.
• ICIPE. 2009. International centre of insect physiology and ecology - integrated control of thrips in vegetable ecosystems of east Africa. www.icipe.org/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=364%3Athri ps-project&catid=60&Itemid=187. Accessed: May 2012.
• Kagezi E.L., Kyamanywa S., Akemo M.C., Luther G., Erbaugh M. 2001. Damage-yield relationships of major pests of tomatoes in central Uganda. Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program Annual Report 8: 259-262.
• Karungi J., Adipala E., Ogenga-Latigo M.W., Kyamanywa S., Oyobo N. 2000a. Pest management in cowpea. Part 1. Integrating planting time and plant density on cowpea field pests infestation in eastern Uganda. Crop Prot. 19 (4): 231-236.
• Karungi J., Adipala E., Ogenga-Latigo M.W., Kyamanywa S., Oyobo N., Jackai L.E.N. 2000b. Pest management in cowpea. Part 2. Integrating planting time and plant density and insecticide application for the control of cowpea field pests in eastern Uganda. Crop Prot. 19 (4): 237-245.
• Karungi J., Agamile P., Muhumuza E., Sabiiti E.N., Kyamanywa S. 2009. Effect of intercropping and a bio-pesticide on population dynamics of two aphid species, Brevicorynebrassicae and Aphis gossypi (Homoptera: Aphididae). Poster published as proceedings of the 6th International IPM Symposium. Oregon, USA, www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium09/ abstracts.cfm. Accesed: 24-26 March 2009.
• Karungi J., Agamile P., Kovach J., Kyamanywa S. 2010. Cover cropping and novel pesticide usage in the management of pests of hot pepper (Capsicum chinense). Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci. 30 (2): 84-92.
• Karungi J., Kyamanywa S., Adipala E., Erbaugh M. 2011. Pesticide utilization, regulation and future prospects in small scale horticultural crop production systems in a developing country. p. 19-34. In: “Pesticides in the Modern World - Pesticides Use and Management” (M. Stoytcheva, ed.). InTech, 514 pp.
• Kasenge V., Akemo M.C., Taylor D.B., Kyamanya S., Adipala E., Mugonola B. 2002. Economics of fresh markets tomato production by peri-urban farmers in Wakiso district. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 6: 301-306.
• Kendall D.M. 1989. Herbivory of Thrips tabaci. p. 307-315. In: “Towards Understanding Thysanoptera” (L.P. Bruce, S. Margaret, L. Trevor, eds.). Proc. Int. Conference on Thrips. Burlington, Vermont, USA, 21-23 February 1989, 464 pp.
• Kendall D.M., Capinera J.L. 1987. Susceptibility of onion growth stages to onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) damage and mechanical damage. Environ. Entomol. 16 (4): 859-863.
• Kyamanywa S., Ampofo J.K.O. 1988. Effect of cowpea/maize mixed cropping on the incident light at the cowpea canopy and flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) population density. Crop Prot. 7 (3): 186-189.
• Kyamanywa S., Baliddawa C.W., Ampofo K.J.O. 1993. Effect of maize plant on colonization of cowpea plant by bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 69 (1): 61-68.
• Kyamanywa S. 1996. Influence of time of insecticide application on the control of insect pests of cowpea and grain yield of cowpea at Mtwapa coastal province of Kenya. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 4 (3): 373-382.
• Lewis T. 1997. Flight and dispersal. p. 175-196. In: “Thrips as Crop Pests” (T. Lewis, ed.). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 736 pp.
• Mound L.A., Morison G.D., Pitkin B.R., Palmer J.M. 1976. Thysanoptera. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects l (11): 1-79.
• Moritz G., Morris D.C., Mound L.A. 2001. Thrips ID Pest of the World. An Interactive Identification and Information System. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. CD-ROM.
• Mwaule Y.W. 1995. Draft Report on the Consultancy on Tomato Research Results in Uganda from 1980-1995. GTZ-IPM Horticulture Reports, 85 pp.
• Nampala P., Ogenga-Latigo M.W., Kyamanywa S., Adipala E., Karungi J., Oyobo N., Obuo J.E., Jackai L.E.N. 1999. Integrated management of major field pests of cowpea in eastern Uganda. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 7 (4): 479-486.
• NARO. 1990. National Agricultural Research Organization: Horticultural Department. Annual Report. Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute: 27-29.
• Nyiira Z.M. 1973. Pest status of thrips and Lepidopterous species on vegetables in Uganda. East Afr. Agric. For. J. 39 (2): 131-135.
• Ogenga-Latigo M.W., Ampofo J.K.O., Baliddawa C.W. 1992. Influence of maize row spacing on infestation and damage of intercropped beans by the bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). I. Incidence of aphids. Field Crops Res. 30 (1-2): 111-121.
• Palmer J.M., Mound L.A., Du Heaume G.J. 1989. Thysanoptera. Wallingford, CAB International, British Museum Natural History, Wallingford, 73 pp.
• Palmer J.M. 1990. Identification of the common thrips of tropical Africa (Thysanoptera: Insecta). Trop. Pest Manage. 36 (1): 27-49.
• Riley D.G., Pappu H.R. 2004. Tactics for management of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato. J. Econ. Entomol. 97 (5): 1648-1658.
• Risch S.J., Andow D., Altieri M.A. 1983. Agroecosystem diversity and pest control: data, tentative conclusions, and new research directions. Environ. Entomol. 12 (3): 625-629.
• Root R.B. 1973. Organization of plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassicaoleracea). Ecol. Monographs 43 (1): 95-124.
• Sabiiti A.G., Nsubuga E.N.B., Adipala E., Ngambeki D.S. 1994. Socioeconomic aspects of cowpea production in Uganda: a rapid rural appraisal. Uganda J. Agric. Sci. 2 (1): 29-35.
• Shipp J.L., Hao X., Papodopoulos A.P., Binns M.R. 1998. Impact of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on growth, photosynthesis and productivity of greenhouse sweet pepper. Sci. Hort. 72 (2): 87-102.
• Smith H.A., McSorley R. 2000. Intercropping and pest management: a review of concepts. Am. Entomol. 46 (3): 154-161.
• Ssonko R.N., Njue E., Ssebuliba J.M., de Jager A. 2005. Pro-poor Horticulture in East Africa and South Asia: the Horticultural Sector in Uganda. International Society for Horticultural Science, 85 pp.
• Ssejjemba K.F. 2008. Value chain analysis. Fresh tomatoes in Uganda and Kenya. Assignment 3, Mastricht School of Management, 17 pp.
• Ssekyewa C. 2006. Incidence, Distribution and Characteristics of Major Tomato Leaf Curl and Mosaic Virus Diseases in Uganda. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 233 pp.
• Steele W.M., Allen D.J., Summerfield R.J. 1985. Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp.). p. 520-574. In: “Grain Legume Crops” (R.J. Summerfield, E.H. Roberts, eds.). London: Collins, 859 pp.
• Swinkels R., Franzel S., Shepherd K. 1994. Economic analysis of on-farm improved fallows in western Kenya ICRAF Training Note: Case Study Handout. ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya. Agric. Systems 55: 99-121.
• Terry I. 1997. Host selection, communication and reproductive behavior. p. 65-118. In: “Thrips as Crop Pests” (T. Lewis, ed.). CAB International, Oxon, 736 pp.
• UIA. 2009. Uganda investment authority: investing in Uganda - potentials in fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables for export. www.ugandainvest.com/admin/docs/Fresh%20Minimally%20Processed%20Fruits%20Vegetables.pdf. Accessed: March 2012.
• van Lenteren J.C. 1998. Sustainable and safe crop protection: a reality? p. 409-413. In: Proc. 50th Int. Symposium on Crop Protection. Med. Fac. Landbouw. Univ. Gent 63 (2b): 409-413.
• Welter S.C., Rosenheim J A., Johnson M.W., Mau R.F.L., Gusukuma- Minuto L.R. 1990. Effects of Thrips palmi and western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on yield, growth and carbon allocation patterns in cucumbers. J. Econ. Entomol. 83 (5): 2092-2101.

Uwagi

rekord w opracowaniu