Nitrous oxide release from poultry and pig housing

• Autorzy: Broucek J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article investigates the scientific literature regarding N₂O emissions according to housing and manure management in poultry and pig buildings. The majority of the N₂O is emitted from manure storages and housing space, with small amounts emitted from the surface of passages. Many factors must be considered in successful emission evaluation, including season of the year, amount and depth of the bedding, animal density, type and floor space, feeding and watering practices, ventilation, temperature, and relative humidity. The liquid manure from poultry housing systems produces greater emissions of N₂O than natural and force-dried manure. The influencing factors appeared to be manure removal frequency and the dry matter content of the manure. There are more housing types in pig barns, which differ in bedding, floor, and manure deposition. The highest N₂O emissions were found in the sawdust bedding, and N₂O production in slatted floor housing is lowest. This paper reports on technical options for mitigating emissions from poultry and swine contributions. The actual rate of N₂O emission is highly dependent on the management strategies implemented on a farm. Consequently, improvements in management practices will affect future N₂O emissions. Finally, emission factors are listed in a table.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: 27
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.467-479,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Broucek J.

• National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production Nitra, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia

Bibliografia

• 1. SAGGAR S., BOLAN N.S., BHANDRAL R., HEDLEY C.B., LUO J. A review of emissions of methane, ammonia and nitrous oxide from animal excreta deposition and farm effluent application in grazed pastures. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 47, 513, 2004.
• 2. CASEY K.D., BICUDO J.R., SCHMIDT D.R., SINGH A., GAY S.W., GATES R.S., JACOBSON L.D., HOFF S.J. Air Quality and Emissions from Livestock and Poultry Production/Waste Management Systems. In: Animal Agriculture and the Environment, National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers. Eds. J.M. Rice, D.F. Caldwell, F.J. Humenik, St Joseph, Michigan, ASABE Pub. Number 913C0306, 1, 2006.
• 3. LESCHEN J.P., VAN DEN BERG M., WESTHOEK H.J., WITZKE H.P., OENEMA O. Greenhouse gas emission profiles of European livestock sectors. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166-167, 16, 2011.
• 4. SCHULZE E.D., LUYSSAERT S., CIAIS P., FREIBAUER A., JANSSENS I.A. Importance of methane and nitrous oxide for Europe’s terrestrial greenhouse-gas balance. Nature Geoscience 2, 842, 2009.
• 5. JOSE V.S., SEJIAN V., BAGATH M., RATNAKARAN A.P., LEES A.M., AL-HOSNI Y.A.S., SULLIVAN M., BHATTA R., GAUGHAN J.B. Modeling of Greenhouse Gas Emission from Livestock. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 14 April 2016, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2016.00027
• 6. SCHILS R.L.M., ERIKSEN J., LEDGARD S.F., VELLINGA T.V., KUIKMAN P.J., LUO J., PETERSEN S.O., VELTHOF G.L. Strategies to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from herbivore production systems. Animal 7, 29, 2013.
• 7. KLEIN DE C.A.M., ECKARD R.J. Targeted technologies for nitrous oxide abatement from animal agriculture. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, 14, 2008.
• 8. CHIANESE D.S., ROTZ C.A., RICHARD T.L. Simulation of nitrous oxide emissions from dairy farms to assess greenhouse gas reduction strategies. Transactions of the ASABE 52, 1325, 2009.
• 9. BROUCEK J., CERMAK B. Harmful gases emissions from poultry and possibilities of their reduction. Ekologia, Bratislava 34, 89, 2015.
• 10. TOIT DU C.J.L., VAN NIEKERK W.A., MEISSNER H.H. Direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions of monogastric livestock in South Africa. South African Journal of Animal Science 43, 362, 2013.
• 11. PHILIPPE F.X., NICKS B. Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses: Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 199, 10, 2013.
• 12. CHIANESE D.S., ROTZ C.A., RICHARD, T.L. Simulation of methane emissions from dairy farms to assess greenhouse gas reduction strategies. Transactions of the ASABE 52, 1313, 2009.
• 13. BELL M.J., HINTON N., CLOY J.M., TOPP C.F.E., REES R.M., CARDENAS L., SCOTT T., WEBSTER C., ASHTON R.W., WHITMORE A.P., WILLIAMS J.R., BALSHAW H., PAINE F., GOULDING K.W.T., CHADWICK D.R. Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilised UK arable soils: Fluxes, emission factors and mitigation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 212, 134, 2015.
• 14. OENEMA O., WRAGE N., VELTHOF G., GROENIGEN J.W., DOLFING J., KUIKMAN P. Trends in Global Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Animal Production Systems. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 72, 51, 2005.
• 15. KEBREAB E., CLARK K., WAGNER-RIDDLE C., FRANCE J. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from canadian animal agriculture: A review. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, 135, 2006.
• 16. LI C., SALAS W., ZHANG R., KRAUTER C., ROTZ A.C., MITLOEHNER F. Manure-DNDC: a biogeochemical process model for quantifying greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from livestock manure systems. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 93, 163, 2012.
• 17. HU B., TIAN X., ZHAO J., WU P., YANG W., CHEN Y. Theoretical Analysis of Microbial Yield and Pathways Related to N₂O Production in Nitrification. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 26, 79, 2017.
• 18. PAHL O., BURTON C.H., DUNN W., BIDDLESTONE A.J. The source and abatement of nitrous oxide emissions produced from the aerobic treatment of pig slurry to remove surplus nitrogen. Environmental Technology 22, 941, 2001.
• 19. PHILIPPE F.X., NICKS B. Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane from pig houses: Influencing factors and mitigation techniques. In: From the lab to the farm. European Workshop: Reconciling the environment with livestock management, IRSTEA, Rennes, France, 10. 2013.
• 20. REGAERT D., AUBINET M., MOUREAUX C. Mitigating N₂O emissions from agriculture: A review of the current knowledge on soil system modelling, environmental factors and management practices influencing emissions. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management 6, 178, 2015.
• 21. Alberdi O., Arriaga H., Calvet S., Estellés F., Merino P. Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from an enriched cage laying hen facility. Biosystems Engineering 144, 1-12, 2016.
• 22. SAGGAR S., JHA N., DESLIPPE J., BOLAN N.S., LUO J., GILTRAP D.L., KIM D.G., ZAMAN M., TILLMAN R.W. Denitrification and N₂O:N2 production in temperate grasslands: processes, measurements, modelling and mitigating negative impa cts. Science of the Total Environment 456, 136, 2013.
• 23. LI J., LUO J., SHI Y., HOULBROOKE D., WANG L., LINDSEY S., LI Y. Nitrogen gaseous emissions from farm effluent application to pastures and mitigation measures to reduce the emissions: a review. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 58, 339, 2015.
• 24. LI J., SHI Y., LUO J., ZAMAN M., HOULBROOKE D., DING W., LEDGARD S., GHANI A. Use of nitrogen process inhibitors for reducing gaseous nitrogen losses from land-applied farm effluents. Biology and Fertility of Soils 50,133, 2014.
• 25. ROSS S.A., CHAGUNDA M.G.G., TOPP C.F.E., ENNOS R. Effect of cattle genotype and feeding regime on greenhouse gas emissions intensity in high producing dairy cows. Livestock Science 170, 158, 2014.
• 26. Beauchamp E.G. Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, 113, 1997.
• 27. MONTES F., MEINEN R., DELL C., ROTZ A., HRISTOV A.N., OH J., WAGHORN G., GERBER P.J., HENDERSON B., MAKKAR H.P.S., DIJKSTRA J. Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: II. A review of manure management mitigation options. Journal of Animal Science 91, 5070, 2013.
• 28. McGahan E.J., Phillips F.A., Wiedemann S.G., Naylor T.A., Warren B., Murphy C.M., Griffith D.W.T., Desservettaz M. Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from an Australian piggery with short and long hydraulic retention-time effluent storage. Animal Production Science 56, 1376, 2016.
• 29. DAVIDSON E.A. The contribution of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to atmospheric nitrous oxide since 1860. Nature Geoscience 2, 659, 2009.
• 30. BUTTER-BAHL K., Baggs E.M., Dannenmann M., Kiese R., Zechmeister -Boltenstern S. Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: how well do we understand the processes and their controls? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 368, 1621, 2013.
• 31. BORHAN M.S., Mukhtar S., Capareda S., Rahman S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Housing and Manure Management Systems at Confined Livestock Operations, Waste Management - An Integrated Vision, Dr. Luis Fernando Marmolejo Rebellon (Ed.), InTech, 2012. ISBN: 978-953-51-0795-8, DOI: 10.5772/51175.
• 32. ANEJA V.P., SCHLESINGER W.H., ERISMAN J.W., BEHERA S.N., SHARMA M., BATTYE W. Reactive nitrogen emissions from crop and livestock farming in India. Atmospheric Environment 47, 92, 2012.
• 33. ECKARD R.J., Grainger C., DE Klein , C.A.M. Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: a review. Livestock Science 130, 47, 2010.
• 34. PETERSEN S.O., SOMMER S.G. Ammonia and nitrous oxide interactions: roles of manure organic matter management. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166-167, 503, 2011.
• 35. PRATT C., REDDING M., HILL J., SHILTON A., CHUNG M., GUIEYSSE B. Good science for improving policy: greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural manures. Animal Production Science 55, 691, 2014.
• 36. MIHINA Š., SAUTER M., PALKOVIČOVÁ Z., KARANDUŠOVSKÁ I., BROUČEK J. Concentration of harmful gases in poultry and pig houses. Animal Science Papers and Reports 30, 395, 2012.
• 37. BARKER J.C. Poultry Layer Production Facility Manure Management: Hig Rise, Deep Pit. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Publication Number: EBAE 131-88, 8 p., 1996.
• 38. ANONYM. A Review of Poultry Manure Management: Directions for the Future. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Poultry Section, 63, 1990.
• 39. ANONYM. Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service. NREAS - 132, Poultry Production Handbook, Ithaca, NY, 17 p. 1999.
• 40. HENRY S.T. Management, Handling, Transfer, Storage and Treatment of Manure and Litter from Poultry Production Facilities. Chapter 4, The Confined Animal Manure Managers program, Clemson Cooperative Extension, West Laurens Street, Laurens, SC 29360, 16 p, 2002. Available online: Dec 7, 2016 from http://www.clemson.edu/extension/camm/manuals/poultry/pCH₄_03.pdf
• 41. KNÍŽATOVÁ M., MIHINA Š., BROUČEK J., KARANDUŠOVSKÁ I., MAČUHOVÁ J. The influence of litter age, litter temperature and ventilation rate on ammonia emissions from a broiler rearing facility. Czech Journal of Animal Science 55, 337, 2010.
• 42. MUKHTAR S. Poultry Production: Manure and Wastewater Management. In: Encyclopedia of Animal Science, Marcel Decker, Inc., 744, 2005.
• 43. HRISTOV A.N., OH J., FIRKINS J., DIJKSTRA J., KEBREAB E., WAGHORN G., MAKKAR H.P.S., ADESOGAN A.T., YANG W., LEE C., GERBER P.J., HENDERSON B., TRICARICO J.M. Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: I. A review of enteric methane mitigation options. Journal of Animal Science 91, 5045, 2013.
• 44. GERBER P.J., HRISTOV A.N., HENDERSON B., MAKKAR H., OH J., LEE C., MEINEN R., MONTES F., OTT T., FIRKINS J., ROTZ A., DELL C., ADESOGAN A.T., YANG W.Z., TRICARICO J.M., KEBREAB E., WAGHORN G., DIJKSTRA J., OOSTING S. Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review. Animal 7, 220, 2013.
• 45. VELTHOF G.L., MOSQUERA J. The impact of slurry application technique on nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 140, 298, 2011.
• 46. OGEJO J.A. Poultry and Livestock Manure Storage: Management and Safety. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Publication 6, 442, 2009.
• 47. XIN H., GATES R.S., GREEN A.R., MITLOEHNER F.M., MOORE P.A. JR, WATHES C.M. Environmental impacts and sustainability of egg production systems. Poultry Science 90, 263, 2011.
• 48. ZHAO Y., SHEPHERD T.A., SWANSON J., MENCH J.A., KARCHER D.M., XIN H. Comparative evaluation of three egg production systems: Housing characteristics and management practices. Poultry Science 94, 475, 2014.
• 49. JAMES R., EASTRIDGE M.L., BROWN L.C., ELDER K.H., FOSTER S.S., HOORMAN J.J., JOYCE M.J., KEENER H.M., MANCL K.M., MONNIN M.J., RAUSCH J.N., SMITH J.M., TUOVINEN O., WATSON M.E., WICKS M.H., WIDMAN N., ZHAO L. Ohio livestock manure management guide, The revised edition of the Ohio Livestock Manure Management Guide, Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 604, Columbus, Ohio. 2001 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210-1096, 126, 2006.
• 50. MIHINA S., KAZIMIROVA V., COPLAND T.A. Technology for farm animal husbandry. 1st Issue. Nitra. Slovak Agricultural University 99, 2012.
• 51. DAVID B., MEJDELL C., MICHEL V., LUND V., MOE R.O. Air Quality in Alternative Housing Systems May Have an Impact on Laying Hen Welfare. Part II-Ammonia. Animals 5, 886, 2015.
• 52. MOORE P.A. Jr., DANIEL T.C., SHARPLEY A.N., WOOD C.W. Poultry manure management: Environmentally sound options. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 50, 321, 1995.
• 53. MOORE P.A. Jr., DANIEL T.C., EDWARDS D.R., MILLER D.M. Evaluation of chemical amendments to reduce ammonia volatilization from poultry litter. Poultry Science 75, 315, 1996.
• 54. LI D., WATSON C.J., YAN M.J., LALORS., RAFIQUER., HYDE B., LANIGAN G., RICHARDS K.G., HOLDEN N.M., HUMPHREYS J. A review of nitrous oxide mitigation by farm nitrogen management in temperate grassland-based agriculture. Journal of Environmental Management 128, 893, 2013.
• 55. SWAIN B.K., SUNDARAM R.N.S. Effect of different types of litter material for rearing broilers. British Poultry Science 41, 261, 2000.
• 56. BOLAN N.S., SZOGI A.A., CHUASAVATHI T., SESHADRI B., ROTHROCK Jr. M.J., PANNEERSELVAM P. Uses and management of poultry litter. World’s Poultry Science Journal 66, 673, 2010.
• 57. BERNHART M., FASINA O.O., FULTON J., WOOD C.W. Compaction of poultry litter. Bioresource Technology 101, 234, 2010.
• 58. MAINALI B., EMRAN S.B., SILVEIRA S. Greenhouse gas mitigation using poultry litter management techniques in Bangladesh. Energy 127, 155, 2017.
• 59. MOORE P.A., MILES D., BURNS R., POTE D., BERG K., CHOI I.H. Ammonia emission factors from broiler litter in barns, in storage, and after land application. Journal of Environmental Quality 40, 1395, 2011.
• 60. Meda B., HASSOUNA M., AUBERT C., ROBIN P., DOURMAD J.Y. Influence of rearing conditions and manure management practices on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from poultry houses. World’s Poultry Science Journal 67, 441, 2011.
• 61. PEREIRA J.L.S. Assessment of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from broiler houses in Portugal. Atmospheric Pollution Research 8, 949, 2017.
• 62. LI S., LI H., XIN H., BURNS R. Particulate matter concentrations and emissions of a high-rise layer house in Iowa. Transaction of ASABE 54, 1093, 2011.
• 63. KNÍŽATOVÁ M., BROUČEK J., MIHINA Š. Seasonal differences in levels of carbon dioxide and ammonia in broiler housing. Slovak Journal of Animal Science 43, 105, 2010.
• 64. REDDING M.R. Bentonite can decrease ammonia volatilisation losses from poultry litter: laboratory studies. Animal Production Science 53, 1115, 2013.
• 65. HANSEN R., NIELSEN D., SCHRAMM A., NIELSEN L., REVSBECH N., HANSEN M. Greenhouse gas microbiology in wet and dry straw crust covering pig slurry. Journal of Environmental Quality 38, 1311, 2009.
• 66. NIELSEN D., SCHRAMM A., REVSBECH N. Oxygen distribution and potential ammonia oxidation in floating liquid manure crusts. Journal of Environmental Quality 39, 1813, 2010.
• 67. Shepherd T.A., Zhao Y., LI H., Stinn J.P., Hayes M.D., Xin H. Environmental assessment of three egg production systems. Part II. Ammonia, greenhouse gas, and particulate matter emissions. Poultry Science 94, 534, 2015.
• 68. Naylor T.A., Wiedemann S.G., Phillips F.A., Warren B., McGahan E.J., Murphy C.M. Emissions of nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian layer-hen manure storage with a mitigation strategy applied. Animal Production Science 56, 1367, 2016.
• 69. FOURNEL S., PELLETIER F., GODBOUT S., LAGACÉ R., FEDDES J. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Three Cage Layer Housing Systems. Animals 2, 1, 2012.
• 70. Fabbri C., Costa A., Guarino M., Valli L., Mazzotta V. Ammonia, Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Particulate Matter Emissions from Two Different Buildings for Laying Hens. Biosystems Engineering 97, 441, 2007.
• 71. MIHINA S., BODO S., GALIK R., BROUCEK J. Impact of alternative air exhaustion in housing for poultry on concentration of harmful gases in the air. Agricultural Engineering International, CIGR Journal, Special issue 17, 105, 2015.
• 72. ROUMELIOTIS, T.S., DIXON, B.J., VAN HEYST, B.J. Characterization of gaseous pollutant and particulate matter emission rates from a commercial broiler operation. Part I: observed trends in emissions. Atmospheric Environment 44, 3770, 2010.
• 73. ZHAO Y., SHEPHERD T.A., LI H., XIN H. Environmental assessment of three egg production systems. Part I: Monitoring system and indoor air quality. Poultry Science 94, 518, 2015.
• 74. WATHES C.M., HOLDEN M.R., SNEATH R.W., WHITE R.P., PHILLIPS V.R. Concentrations and Emissions Rates of Aerial Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Dust, and Endotoxin in U.K. Broiler and Layer Houses. British Poultry Science 38, 14, 1997.
• 75. Boontiam W., Shin Y., Choi H.L., Kumari P. Assessment of the Contribution of Poultry and Pig Production to Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Korea Over the Last 10 Years (2005 through 2014). Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 29, 1805, 2016.
• 76. WIEDEMANN S.G., PHILLIPS F.A., NAYLOR T.A., MCGAHAN E.J., KEANE O.B., WARREN B.R., MURPHY C.M. Nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian meat chicken houses measured under commercial operating conditions and with mitigation strategies applied. Animal Production Science 56, 1404, 2016.
• 77. SNEATH R.W., PHILLIPS V.R., DEMMERS T.G.M., BURGESS L.R., SHORT J.L., WELCH S.K. Long term measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from UK livestock buildings. In: Livestock Environment V, Vol. 2, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium, Bloomington, Minnesota, 29-31 May. Eds. Robert W. Bottcher, Steven J. Hoff. Published by ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA, 146, 1997.
• 78. WATHES C.M, CHARLES D.R. Livestock housing. UK, CABI Publishing, 428, 1994.
• 79. WOLTER M., PRAYITNO S., SCHUCHARDT F. Greenhouse gas emission during storage of pig manure on a pilot scale. Bioresource Technology 95, 235, 2004.
• 80. Hoy S. Die Kompoststallhaltung von Mastschweinen - Schlußfolgerungen aus dem Vergleich von sieben Systemen. In: IGN-Proceedings Tiergerechte Haltungssysteme für landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere, 23.-25.10.1997, Ed. Roland Weber, Tänikon, Switzerland, FAT-Schriftenreihe 45, 73, 1997.
• 81. RIGOLOT C, ESPAGNOL S., ROBIN P., HASSOUNA M., BELINE F., PAILLAT J.M., DOURMAD J.Y. Modelling of manure production by pigs and NH3, N₂O and CH₄ emissions. Part II: effect of animal housing, manure storage and treatment practices. Animal 4, 1413, 2010.
• 82. HATFIELD J.L., BRUMM M.C., MELVIN S.W. Swine manure management. Agricultural Uses of Municipal, Animal, and Industrial Byproducts, Chapter 4, Eds. Wright R.J., Kemper W.D., Millner P.D., Power J.F., Korcak R.F. Conservation Research Report No. 44. Washington, D.C., USDA−ARS, 78, 1998.
• 83. SHARPE R.R., HARPER L.A. Ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from sprinkler irrigation applications of swine effluent. Journal of Environmental Quality 26, 1703, 1997.
• 84. PHILIPPE F.X., CANART B., LAITAT M., WAVREILLE J., BARTIAUX-THILL N., NICKS B., CABARAUX J.F. Effects of available surface on gaseous emissions from group-housed gestating sows kept on deep litter. Animal 4, 1716, 2010.
• 85. PHILLIPS F.A., WIEDEMANN S.G., NAYLOR T.A., MCGAHAN E.J., WARREN B.R., MURPHY C.M., PARKES S., WILSON J. Methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from pigs housed on litter and from stockpiling of spent litter. Animal Production Science 56, 1390, 2016.
• 86. PHILIPPE F.X., LAITAT M., CANART B., VANDENHEEDE M., NICKS B. Gaseous emissions during the fattening of pigs kept either on fully slatted floors or on straw flow. Animal 1, 1515, 2007.
• 87. PHILIPPE F.X., LAITAT M., NICKS B., CABARAUX J.F. Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions during the fattening of pigs kept on two types of straw floor. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 150, 45, 2012.
• 88. Dubeňová , M., Šima , T., Gálik , R., Mihina , Š., Vagač , G., Boďo Š. Reduction of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in the pig barn piggery by different ventilation system intensities. Agronomy Research 12, 207, 2014.
• 89. OSADA T., ROM H.B., DAHL P. Continuous measurement of nitrous oxide and methane emission in pig units by infrared photoacoustic detection. Transactions of the ASAE 41, 1109, 1998.
• 90. PALKOVIČOVÁ Z., KNÍŽATOVÁ M., MIHINA Š., BROUČEK J., HANUS A. Emissions of greenhouse gases and ammonia from intensive pig breeding. Folia Veterinaria 53, 168, 2009.
• 91. PALKOVIČOVÁ Z., BROUČEK J., STRMEŇOVÁ A., HANUS A., UHRINČAŤ M., TONGEĽ P. Emissions of Harmful Gases in Pig Fattening. Ninth International Livestock Environment Symposium Sponsored by ASABE, Valencia Conference Centre, Valencia, Spain, July 8. – 12. 2012, ASABE Conference Presentation, Paper Number: ILES 12-1923, 7 s.
• 92. PHILIPPE F.X., LAITAT M., CANART B., VANDENHEEDE M., NICKS B. Comparison of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions during the fattening of pigs, kept either on fully slatted floor or on deep litter. Livestock Science 111, 144, 2007.
• 93. Hoy S., Müller K., Willig R. Ammoniak- und Lachgasemissionen - Auswirkungen verschiedener Tierhaltungssysteme für Mastschweine. Landtechnik 52, 40, 1997.
• 94. Zong C., Li H., Zhang G. Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from fattening pig house with two types of partial pit ventilation systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 208, 94, 2015.
• 95. RZEŹNIK W., MIELCAREK P. Greenhouse Gases and Ammonia Emission Factors from Livestock Buildings for Pigs and Dairy Cows. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 25, 1, 2016.
• 96. PALKOVIČOVÁ Z., BROUČEK J., HANUS A., TONGEĽ P., UHRINČAŤ M., STRMEŇOVÁ A. Effect of season on ammonia emissions in pig fattening. Slovak Journal of Animal Science 45, 53, 2012.
• 97. PALKOVICOVA Z., KNIZATOVA M., MIHINA S., BROUCEK J., HANUS A. Emissions of hazardous gases from pig housing during winter and summer season. Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of the International Society for Animal Hygiene, Vienna, Editors: Prof. Josef Köfer, Dr. Hermann Schobesberger. First Edition, Brno 2011, Volume III (ISBN 978-80-263-0012-0), 1135-1137, 2011.
• 98. PALKOVICOVA Z., SAUTER M., BROUCEK J., STRMENOVA A., UHRINCAT M., MIHINA, S., HANUS A. Seasonal effect on emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases in fattening pigs. Emissionen der Tierhaltung; Treibhausgase, Umweltbewertung, Stand der Technik, KTBL-Tagung, 6.-8. Dezember 2011, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein (Germany), KTBL-Schrift 491, 370, 2011.
• 99. OENEMA O., VELTHOF G., KLIMONT Z., WINIWARTER W. Emissions from agriculture and their control potentials. TSAP Report #3, Version 2.1. Ed. Markus Amann, November 2012, Service Contract on Monitoring and Assessment of Sectorial Implementation Actions (ENV.C.3/SER/2011/0009), 45 p., 2012.
• 100. AMON B., KRYVORUCHKO V., FROHLICH M., AMON T., POLLINGER A., MOSENBACHER I., HAUSLEITNER A. Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs: housing and manure storage. Livestock Science 112, 199, 2007.
• 101. NICKS B., LAITAT M., VANDENHEEDE M., DESIRON A., VERHAEGHE C., CANART B. Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor in the raising of weaned pigs on straw-based and sawdust-based deep litters. Animal Research 52, 299, 2003.
• 102. NICKS B., LAITAT M., FARNIR F., VANDENHEEDE M., DESIRON A., VERHAEGHE C., CANART B. Gaseous emissions from deep-litter pens with straw or sawdust for fattening pigs. Animal Science 78, 99, 2004.
• 103. CABARAUX J.F., PHILIPPE F.X., LAITAT M., CANART B., VANDENHEEDE M., NICKS B. Gaseous emissions from weaned pigs raised on different floor systems. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 130, 86, 2009.
• 104. GROENESTEIN C.M., VAN FAASSEN H.G. Volatilization of ammonia, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide in deep-litter systems for fattening pigs. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 65, 269, 1996.
• 105. PHILIPPE F.X., CABARAUX J.F., NICKS B. Ammonia emissions from pig houses: Influencing factors and mitigation Techniques. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 141, 245, 2011.
• 106. RZEŹNIK W., MIELCAREK P. Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions during summer from deep litter and fully-slatted piggery. Agricultural Engineering 151, 169, 2014.
• 107. CROSSON P., Shalloo L., O’Brien D., Lanigan G.J., Foley P.A., Boland T.M., Kenny D.A. A review of whole farm systems models of greenhouse gas emissions from beef and dairy cattle production systems. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166-167, 29, 2011.
• 108. BOUWMAN A.F., Beusen A.H.W., Griffioen J., Groenigen VAN J.W., Hefting M.M., Oenema O., Puijenbroek VAN P.J.T.M., Seitzinger S., Slomp , C.P., Stehfest E. Global trends and uncertainties in terrestrial denitrification and N₂O emissions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 368, 1621, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0112.
• 109. BELL M.J., Hinton N.J., Cloy J.M., Topp C.F.E., Rees R.M., Williams J.R., Misselbrook T.H., Chadwick D.R. How do emission rates and emissionfactors for nitrous oxide and ammonia vary with manure type and time of application in a Scottish farmland? Geoderma 264, 81, 2016.
• 110. HARGREAVES P.R., Rees R.M., Horgan G.W., Ball B.C. Size and Persistence of Nitrous Oxide Hot-Spots in Grazed and Ungrazed Grassland. Environment and Natural Resources Research 5, 1, 2015.
• 111. CHADWICK D., Sommer S., Thorman R., Fangueiro D., Cardenas L., Amon B., Misselbrook T. Manure management: implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166-167, 514, 2011.
• 112. ABALOS D., Brown S.E., Vanderzaag A.C., Gordon R.J., Dunfield K.E., Wagner -Riddle C. Micrometeorological measurements over 3 years reveal differences in N₂O emissions between annual and perennial crops. Global Change Biology 22, 1244, 2016.
• 113. WEBB J., THORMAN R., FERNANDA-ALLER M., JACKSON D. Emission factors for ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions following immediate manure incorporation on two contrasting soil types. Atmospheric Environment 82, 280, 2014.
• 114. CORNEJO C., WILKIE A.C. Greenhouse gas emissions and biogas potential from livestock in Ecuador. Energy for Sustainable Development 14, 256, 2010.
• 115. Jungbluth T., Hartung E., Brose G. Greenhouse emissions from animal houses and manure stores. Nutrients Cycling Agroecosystem 60, 133, 2001.
• 116. CALVET S., CAMBRA-LOPEZ M., ESTELLES F., TORRES A.G. Characterization of gas emissions from a mediterranean broiler farm. Poultry Science 90, 534, 2011.
• 117. BOBRUTZKI VON K., AMMON C., BERG W., FIEDLER M. Quantification of nitrogen balance components in a commercial broiler barn. Czech Journal of Animal Science 58, 566, 2013.
• 118. Ransbeeck Van N., Langenhove Van H., Weyenberg Van S., Maes D., Demeyer P. Typical indoor concentrations and emission rates of particulate matter at building level: a case study to setup a measuring strategy for pig fattening facilities. Biosystems Engineering 111, 280, 2012.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15244/pjoes/75871