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2012 | 16 |

Tytuł artykułu

Analyzing ecological systems using network analysis

Autorzy

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Network Environ Analysis, based on network theory, reveals the quantitative and qualitative relations between ecological objects interacting with each other in a system. The primary result from the method provides input and output “environs”, which are internal partitions of the objects within system flows. In addition, application of Network Environ Analysis on empirical datasets and ecosystem models has revealed several important and non-intuitive results that have been identified and summarized in the literature as network environ properties. Network Environ Analysis requires data including the inter-compartmental flows, compartmental storages, and boundary input and output flows. Software is available to perform this analysis on the collected data. This article reviews the theoretical underpinning of the analysis and briefly introduces some the main properties such as indirect effects ratio, network homogenization, and network mutualism.

Słowa kluczowe

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

16

Opis fizyczny

p.77-86,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Biology Department, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
  • Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Energy and Environment, Parthenope University of Naples, INaples, taly
  • Advanced Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria

Bibliografia

  • Bascompte J., Jordano P., Melián C. J. & Olesen J. M., 2003, The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100(16): 9383-9387.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1633576100]
  • Bata S. A, Borrett S. R., Patten B. C., Whipple S. J., Schramski J. R. & Gattie D. K, 2007, Equivalence of throughflow- and storage-based environs, Ecol. Modell. 206: 400-406.
  • Borrett S. R. & Salas A. K., 2010, Evidence for resource homogenization in 50 trophic ecosystem networks, Ecol. Modell. 221: 1710-1716.
  • Dame R. F. & Patten B. C., 1981, Analysis of energy flows in an intertidal oyster reef, Marine Ecol. Progr. Series 5: 115-124.
  • Christian R. R. & Luczkovich J. J., 1999, Organizing and understanding a winter’s seagrass foodweb network through effective trophic levels, Ecol. Modell. 117: 99-124.
  • Dunne J. A., Williams R. J. & Martinez N. D., 2002, Foodweb structure and network theory: the role of connectance and size, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99: 12917-12922.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.192407699]
  • Dunne J. A., Williams R. J. & Martinez N. D., 2004, Network structure and robustness of marine food webs, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Series 273: 291-302.
  • Fath B. D., 2007, Network Mutualism: Positive community level relations in ecosystems, Ecol. Modell. 208: 56-67.
  • Fath B. D. & Patten B. C., 1998, Network synergism: emergence of positive relations in ecological systems, Ecol. Modell. 107: 127-143.
  • Fath B. D. & Patten B. C., 1999a, Review of the Foundations of Network Environ Analysis, Ecosystems 2: 167-179.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900067]
  • Fath B. D. & Patten B. C., 1999b, Quantification of resource homogenization using network flow analysis, Ecol. Modell. 123: 193-205.
  • Fath B. D, Patten B. C. & Choi J. S., 2001, Complementarity of ecological goal functions, J. Theor. Biol. 208(4): 493-506.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2000.2234]
  • Finn J. T., 1976, Measures of ecosystem structure and function derived from analysis of flows, J. Theor. Biol. 56: 363-380.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5193(76)80080-X]
  • Halnes G., Fath B. D. & Liljenström H., 2007, The modified niche model: Including a detritus compartment in simple structural food web models, Ecol. Modell. 208: 9-16.
  • Higashi M. & Patten B. C., 1986, Further aspects of the analysis of indirect effects in ecosystems, Ecol. Modell. 31: 69-77.
  • Higashi M. & Patten B. C., 1989, Dominance of indirect causality in ecosystems, Am. Nat. 133: 288-302.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284919]
  • Higashi M, Patten B. C. & Burns T. P., 1993, Network trophic dynamics: the modes of energy utilization in ecosystems, Ecol. Modell. 66: 1-42.
  • Jordan F., 2009, Keystone species and food webs, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, series B, 364: 1733-1741.
  • Jordan F., Liu W. & Mike A., 2009, Trophic field overlap: a new approach to quantify keystone species, Ecol. Modell. 220: 2899-2907.
  • Jørgensen S. E., Fath B. D., Bastianoni S., Marques J. C., Müller F., Nielsen S. N., Patten B. C., Tiezzi E. & Ulanowicz R. E., 2007, Systems Ecology: A new perspective, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Kazanci C., 2007, EcoNet: A new software for ecological modeling, simulation and network analysis, Ecol. Modell. 208: 3-8.
  • Maelzer D. A., 1965, A discussion of components of environment in ecology, J. Theor. Biol. 8: 141-162.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(65)90100-1]
  • Mason H. L. & Langenheim J. H., 1957, Language Analysis and the Concept “Environment”, Ecology 38: 325-340.[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1931693]
  • Odum E. P., 1953, Fundamentals of Ecology, Saunders, Philadelphia.
  • Olesen J. M., Bascompte J., Dupont Y. L. & Jordano P., 2007, The modularity of pollination networks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104(50): 19891-19896.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706375104]
  • Ortiz M., Levins R., Campos L., Berrios F., Campos F., Jordan F., Hermosillo B., Gonzalez J. & Rodriguez F., 2013, Identifying keystone trophic groups in benthic ecosystems: implications for fisheries management, Ecol. Ind. 25: 133-140.
  • Patten B. C., 1978, Systems approach to the concept of environment, Ohio J. Sci. 78: 206-222.
  • Patten B. C., 1981, Environs: the superniches of ecosystems, Am. Zool. 21: 845-852.
  • Patten B. C., 1982, Environs: relativistic elementary particles or ecology, Am. Nat. 119: 179-219.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/283903]
  • Patten B. C., 1991, Network ecology: indirect determination of the life-environment relationship in ecosystems, [in:] M. Higashi, T. P. Burns (eds.), Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology: The Network Perspective, Cambridge University Press, London: 288-351.
  • Patten B. C., 1992, Energy, emergy and environs, Ecol. Modell. 62: 29-69.
  • Prigogine I., 1980, From Being to Becoming: Time and complexity in the physical sciences, W.H. Freeman Press, New York.
  • Salas A. K. & Borrett S. R., 2011, Evidence for the dominance of indirect effects in 50 trophic ecosystem networks, Ecol. Modell. 22: 1192-1204.
  • Tilly L. J., 1968, The structure and dynamics of Cone Spring, Ecol. Monogr. 38: 169-197.[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1942291]
  • Ulanowicz R. E., 2004, Some steps toward a central theory of ecosystem dynamics, Ecol. Questions 5: 23-32.
  • Ulrich W., 2009, Ecological interaction networks: prospects and pitfalls, Ecol. Questions 11: 17-25.
  • Whipple S. J. & Patten B. C., 1993, The problem of nontrophic processes in trophic ecology: towards a network unfolding solution, J. Theor. Biol. 163: 393-411 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1993.1127]

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

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