Training-related modulations of the respiratory hypoxic and hypercapnic response sensitivity in young elite endurance athletes

• Autorzy: Tomiak T. , Lusenko O. , Mishchenko V.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The present study was performed to clarify of training-related modulations of the cardiopulmonary system (CPS) response sensitivity to a hypoxic and hypercapnia stimulus in young endurance athletes. The practical objective was to estimate a possible association between the reduction in sensitivity to respiratory homeostasis shifts and young athletes’ early sports specialization. Twenty-eight young male athletes aged 12.4–17.5 years with experience of strenuous endurance training in kayaking served as the subjects. The impact of strenuous endurance training was estimated in three parts of studies with athletes divided into age groups. Studies have demonstrated that endurance training in kayaking results in a distinct decrease in the CPS response sensitivity to hypoxia in young athletes. The responses to hypoxia in elite 16-year-old athletes do not significantly differ vs. elite adult athletes. Respiratory responses to hypercapnia also decreased (although to a lesser extent). Hypercapnic sensitivity in 16.3 yrs. do not significantly differ vs. elite adult athletes. When the responses were normalized to body mass, body surface and vital capacity, such differences were reliable. Chemo sensitivity CPS of young elite kayakers in 16.3 yrs. was significantly lower than in 14.9 yrs. The most expressed changes of respiratory responsiveness were noted in the response output during standard levels of hypercapnia and hypoxia. The greatest differences between young and adult elite athletes were revealed in hypercapnic ventilatory response. It is possible to believe that monitoring sensitivity and kinetic features of CPS responses in long-lasting high intensity of endurance training may be a prerequisite of best stimulation of its morphological and functional improvement. It can be assumed that the decrease in the CPS response sensitivity to the combined hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli at long-lasting heavy kayaking training may deviate from the optimal one. In young kayakers it may be linked with trainability decline. But special studies need to confirm this assumption.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. The Journal of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: 09
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.7-21,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Tomiak T.

• Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland

autor

Lusenko O.

• National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

autor

Mishchenko V.

• Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Dempsey JA. Is the lung built for exercise? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986;18:143-155.
• [2] Nielsen HB, Madsen P, Svendsen LB, Roach RC, Secher NH. The influence of PaO2, pH and SaO2 on maximal oxygen uptake. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998;164:89-97.
• [3] Dominelli PB, Foster GE, Dominelli GS, et al. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia and the mechanics of breathing in healthy young women. J Physiol. 2013;591(12):3017-3034.
• [4] McArdle W, Katch FI, Katch VL. Essentials of exercise physiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
• [5] Lewindon D, Joyce D, eds. High-performance training for sports. Champaign Ill.: Human Kinetics; 2014.
• [6] Ohyabu Y Usami A, Ohyabu I, et al. Ventilatory and heart rate chemosensitivity in track-and-field athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1990;59:460-464.
• [7] Mishchenko V, Monogarov V. Physiology of athlete. Barcelona: Paidotribo; 1995.
• [8] Teppema LJ, Berendsen RR. Control of breathing In: Swenson ER, Bärtsch P, eds. New York: Springer Science+Business Media; 2014.
• [9] Miyamoto T, Inagaki M, Takaki H, et al. Adaptation of the respiratory controller contributes to the attenuation of exercise hyperpnea in endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012 Jan;112(1):237-51.
• [10] Dejours P. Control of respiration in muscular exercise. In: Handbook of physiology: Respiration. Washington; 1964, 631-648.
• [11] Ward SA. Regulation of breathing during exercise. In: Granger DN, Granger JP, eds. Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology: The respiratory system. Princeton: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences Publishers; 2014.
• [12] Whipp BJ, Ward SA. Control of ventilation. In: Palange P, Simonds A, eds. ERS handbook on adult respiratory medicine, 2nd ed. Sheffield UK: ERS; 2013, 82-86.
• [13] Wilson RJ, Teppema LJ. Integration of central and peripheral respiratory chemoreflexes. Comprehensive Physiology. 2016;6:1005-1041.
• [14] Feldman JL, Mitchell GS, Nottle EE. Breathing: rhythmicity, plasticity, chemosensitivity. Ann Rev Neurosci. 2003;26:239-266.
• [15] Dahan A, Nieuwenhuijs D, Teppema L. Plasticity of central chemoreceptors: Effect of bilateral carotid body resection on central CO2 sensitivity. PLoS Med. 2007;4:e239.
• [16] Kumar P, Prabhakar NR. Peripheral chemoreceptors: function and plasticity of the carotid body. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012;2:141-219.
• [17] Mishchenko V, Suchanowski A. Athletes’ endurance and fatigue characteristics related to adaptability of specific cardiorespiratory reactivity. Gdansk: AWFiS; 2012.
• [18] Idarishi A. A respiratory adaptation of the Ama. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univer. 1969;16;327-341.
• [19] Miyamura M, Nishimure K, Ishida K, Katayama K, Shimaoka M, Hiruta S. It may able to breath once a minute for an hour? The effect of Yoga respiration on blood gases. Japan J Physiol. 2002;52:313-317.
• [20] Earing CMN, McKeon DJ and Kubis H-P. Ventilatory response amongst scuba divers and non-divers. Thorax. 2012;67:A80.
• [21] Mishchenko V, Bulatova M. Effect of endurance physical training on cardio-respiratory system reactive features (mechanisms of training load effect accumulation). J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1993;33(2):95-106.
• [22] Kliegman RM, Stanton B, Geme J, Schor N. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. Elsevier Health Science; 2015.
• [23] Ford P, De Ste Croix M, Lloyd R, et al. The long-term athlete development model: Physiological evidence and application. J Sport Sci. 2011;29(4):389-402.
• [24] Haff GG. Periodization strategies for youth development. In: Lloyd R, Oliver JL, eds. Strength and conditioning for the young athlete: Science and application. England: Routledge; 2014, 149-168.
• [25] Lloyd RS, Oliver JL. Developing younger athletes. In: Lewindon D, Joyce D, eds. High-performance training for sports. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2014.
• [26] Pearce P. Prehabilitation: Preparing young athletes for sports. J Curr Sport Med Rep. 2006;5(3):155-160.
• [27] Robertson S, Way R. Long-term athlete development. Coaches Report. 2005;11(3):6-12.
• [28] Demorest RA, Landry GL. Periodization strategies for youth development. In: Lloyd R, Oliver JL, eds. Strength and conditioning for the young athlete: Science and application. England: Routledge; 2014, 149-168.
• [29] Logsdon VK. Training the prepubertal and pubertal athlete. J Curr Sport Med Rep. 2007;6(3):183-189.
• [30] Brandon R. Endurance training. Brian Mackenzie’s Successful Coaching. 2003:8-9.
• [31] Rebuck AS, Campbell E. A clinical method for assessing the ventilatory response to hypoxia. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1974;109:345-350.
• [32] Cunningham D, Robbins PA, Wolff CB. Integration of respiratory responses to changes in alveolar partial pressures of CO2 and O2 and in arterial pH. In: Cherniack NS, Widdecombe JG, eds. Handbook of physiology: the respiratory system, control of breathing. Vol. II. Bethesda: American Physiological Society; 1986; 475-528.
• [33] Read DJC. A clinical method for assessing the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Austral Ann Med. 1967;16:20-32.
• [34] Okuma T, Fujitsuka N, Utsano T. Ventilatory response to hypercapnia in sprint and long distance swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1980;43:235-241.
• [35] Tomiak Т, Lysenko Е, Zasada М. Fast kinetics and sensitivity of cardiorespiratory responses in athletes of different sport events. Research Yearbook. Studies in Physical Education and Sport. 2005;11:25-29.
• [36] Sudakov KV. Normal physiology. Moscow: Med. Inform. Biuro; 2006.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29359/BJHPA.09.4.01