Współczesne możliwości stosowania nanotechnologii w doskonaleniu katalizy enzymatycznej

• Autorzy: Lewandowska M. , Kordala N. , Bednarski W.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Novel applications of nanotechnology in the improving of enzymatic catatysis

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono nowe kierunki doskonalenia biokatalizy z wykorzystaniem nanomateriałów. Scharakteryzowano ich właściwości oraz metody modyfikacji ukierunkowane na skuteczność wiązania biokatalizatorów i efektywność ich działania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na procedury immobilizacji enzymów w strukturze nanonośników, wskazując na selekcjonującą rolę wielkości nanoporów oraz pozyskanie nowych właściwości tak skonstruowanego biokatalizatora, np. zwiększonej stabilności czy szybkości transportu substratu do enzymu i produktu reakcji na zewnątrz. Przedstawiono korzyści wynikające z zastosowania nanonośników o właściwościach magnetycznych – ułatwiających procedury wydajnego odzysku katalizatora po przeprowadzonej reakcji, zapobiegających tym samym zanieczyszczaniu produktu finalnego białkiem enzymatycznym. Poruszono temat biokatalizy w układach dwufazowych, wskazując na funkcjonalność proponowanych rozwiązań – tj. ułatwionego dotarcia molekuł enzymu do powierzchni międzyfazowej, np. olej/woda. Omówiono rolę środowiska nanonośników w odniesieniu do unieruchamianych enzymów, podając liczne przykłady badań dowodzących pozytywnego wpływu struktury powierzchni nanomateriałów na właściwości i stabilność wiązanych biokatalizatorów. Wskazano na korzyści związane ze stosowaniem nanobiokatalizy w praktyce – sprzyjające ograniczeniu kosztów, eliminacji procesów chemicznych oraz poprawie bezpieczeństwa produkowanej żywności.

EN

Enzymes are natural biocatalysts on a nanometer scale and are used in various industrial processes and products, including pharmaceuticals and detergents. Their application is being extended into new fields: the design of functional nanocomposites, finechemical synthesis, biosensors and bioremediation. However, the short lifespan of enzymes limits their application. There have been many approaches to improve enzyme stability. One of such methods is immobilization onto or into large structures, through simple adsorption, covalent attachment or encapsulation. New opportunities for enzyme stabilization, offering improved intrinsic and operational stabilities, have arisen with the development of nanomaterials and nanostructured materials. These materials can ensure large surface areas, pore sizes tailored to protein molecular dimensions, functional surfaces, multiple sites for interaction or attachment and facilitated diffusion and activity. This paper describes the perspective of materials and methods to improve the biocatalytic activity. Based on the available information and a literature search of selected examples of nanobiocatalyst production methods, their property characteristics and application directions were presented. Particular attention was paid to the procedure of enzyme immobilization on/in nanostructured materials, indicating the screening role of nanopore sizes and the influence of nanomaterials on the structure and function of proteins. Thus, a modified enzyme was characterized by maximized stability with the additional advantages of possible modulation of the catalytic specificity and lower transfer resistance to respond to the diffusion problem and lower operational cost. This review also presents the benefits of using magnetic nanoparticles in enzyme immobilization which include easy separation of an enzyme complex from the reaction mixture, thereby preventing the enzyme contamination of the final product. Moreover, biocatalysis in two-phase systems and the effect of the nanoscale environment on enzyme stability was described. Nanobiocatalysis has emerged as a rapidly growing area. The mobility, solution behaviors and interfacial properties of nanoscale materials can introduce unique properties to nanoscale biocatalyst systems, which may develop into a crucial class of biocatalyst that differs from traditional immobilized enzymes in terms of preparation and catalytic efficiency. Nanobiocatalysis has potential application in various fields, such as proteomic analysis, biofuel production and in other environmental and biomedical areas. In the future, new mechanisms and phenomena may continue to appear.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 579
• Opis fizyczny: s.37-47,rys.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Lewandowska M.

• Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Olsztyn

autor

Kordala N.

• Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Olsztyn

autor

Bednarski W.

• Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Olsztyn

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