Nest site selection and breeding success in three Turdus thrush species coexisting in an urban environment

• Autorzy: Mikula P. , Hromada M. , Albrecht T. , Tryjanowski P.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wybór miejsc gniazdowych i sukces lęgowy trzech gatunków z drozdów wpółwystępujących w środowisku miejskim

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The process of establishing breeding populations of birds in small towns of Central Europe provides a unique opportunity to study them during synurbization in statu nascendi. Over the years 2006-2011, we investigated the breeding ecology of three coexisting thrush species Turdus spp. in the urban habitats of the town of Bardejov (NE Slovakia). We studied nest distribution, nest predation in relation to nest placement and the breeding success of the Common Blackbird T. merula, Fieldfare T. pilaris and Song Thrush T. philomelos. The study species differed significantly in terms of microhabitat characteristics and vertical spatial distribution, expressed as the nest location height (Blackbird < Song Thrush < Fieldfare), the distance from the town centre (Fieldfare < Song Thrush < Blackbird), the distance from the nest tree to human paths and buildings (Blackbird < Song Thrush < Fieldfare) and the average distance between breeding conspecific pairs (Fieldfare < Blackbird < Song Thrush). We also found significant differences in nesting microhabitats (conifers, deciduous trees and shrubs) usage (breeding in conifers: Song Thrush < Blackbird < Fieldfare). On the other hand, no significant differences were found in breeding success and predation between species. A major factor affecting the predation rate was the distance between nests and the distance to human paths and buildings, and with Fieldfares and Common Blackbirds also the height of trees and the distance to the town centre. Our results suggest that ecological segregation among closely related species can also be common in a changed, urban environment.

PL

Środowiska zurbanizowane stale powiększają swój zasięg przestrzenny w skali całego globu. Gatunki, w tym ptaki, muszą nabyć pewnych cech by zaadoptować się do życia na tak przekształconych terenach. Mechanizmy stojące za procesami urbanizacyjnymi nie są jednak dobrze poznane, zaś poza czynnikami związanymi ze zmianami struktury siedlisk przez człowieka, ważną rolę może także odgrywać współwystępowanie innych, zbliżonych wymaganiami ekologicznymi, gatunków. Doskonałym przykładem gatunków regularnie zajmujących obszary miejskie, a jednocześnie współwystę- pujących na tych samych obszarach są drozdy: kos, kwiczoł i śpiewak. W latach 2006-2011, badano elementy ekologii rozrodu, ze szczególnym podkreśleniem konsekwencji wyboru miejsc lęgowych, tych trzech współistniejących gatunków w warunkach małego miasta Bardejov (Bardejów, NE Słowacja). Przeanalizowano rozkład przestrzenny gniazd i jego wpływ na wielkość presji drapieżniczej, a w konsekwencji na sukces lęgowy. Wykazano, iż badane gatunki różniły się istotnie pod względem przestrzennego aspektu rozmieszczenia gniazd, wyrażonego jako odległość od centrum miasta, w odległości drzewa gniazdowego do dróg i budynków, a także w średniej odległości pomiędzy parami (Tab. 1). Zarejestrowano również znaczne różnice w preferencjach mikrosiedlisk wykorzystywanych do zakładania gniazd (drzew iglastych, drzew i krzewów liściastych). Co interesujące nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w sukcesie rozrodczym i poziomie drapieżnictwa pośród porównywanych gatunków. Głównym czynnikiem wpływającym na intensywność presji drapieżniczej była odległość między gniazdami, oraz odległości do dróg i budynków, a w przypadku kwiczoła i kosa także wysokość drzewa i odległość do centrum miasta (Tab. 2, Fig.l). Sukces lęgowy określany liczbą wyprowadzanych piskląt zależał od kombinacji wyżej wymienionych zmiennych, a ponadto od bliskości centrum miasta (Tab. 3).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

nest site selection; breeding success; Thrush; Turdus philomelos; urban environment; predation

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 49
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.83-92,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Mikula P.

• Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic

autor

Hromada M.

• Laboratory and Museum of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, 17.novembra 1, 081 16 Presov, Slovakia
• Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland

autor

Albrecht T.

• Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
• Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kvetna 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic

autor

Tryjanowski P.

• Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/000164514X682913