Phytodegrdation and biodegradation in rhizosphere as efficient methods of reclamation of soil, contaminated by organic chemicals (a review)

• Autorzy: Spaczynski M. , Seta-Koselska A. , Patrzylas P. , Betlej A. , Skorzynska-Polit E.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Fitodegradacja I biodegradacja e ryzosferze jako skuteczne metody rekultywacji gruntów skażonych związkami organicznymi (artykuł przeglądowy)

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Technical methods of purification of large areas of low and medium pollution are powerful, but extremely difficult to apply on a wide scale. This is due to high costs and the need to have specialised equipment during remediation. Phytoremediation is a much less complicated method. This environment cleaning technology uses the above-average capacity of some plant species to accumulate (socalled hyper-accumulation) or metabolise toxic chemicals. Soil microorganisms living in the rhizosphere also play an invaluable role in the degradation of harm-ful organic compounds; they are often much more involved in the mineralisation of xenobiotics than plants. Since plants provide favourable conditions for soil microorganisms to live – specific cooperation between them is possible. This kind of relationship can be useful in very effective removal of many toxic organic compounds, such as pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other petroleum compounds, from the soil. Although this process is relatively slow compared to other methods, its low invasiveness and economic considerations make it worthwhile. Currently, attempts at improvement of the natural process of phytoremediation using genetic engineering are undertaken more and more often. Among other things, genes encoding cytochromes from other organisms are implanted into the plant genome. This idea is constantly being developed and the results of research that is more and more widely conducted in this are promising.

PL

Techniczne metody oczyszczania rozległych terenów o niskim i średnim stopniu zanieczyszczenia są wprawdzie wydajne, ale jednocześnie niezwykle trudno je zastosować na szerszą skalę. Związane jest to z wysokimi kosztami, oraz potrzebą dysponowania wyspecjalizowanym sprzętem podczas remediacji. Znacznie mniej skomplikowaną metodą jest fitoremediacja. Jest to technologia oczyszczania środowiska, która wykorzystuje ponadprzeciętne zdolności niektórych gatunków roślin do akumulacji (tzw. hiperakumulacji) lub metabolizowania trujących substancji chemicznych. Nieocenioną rolę przy degradacji szkodliwych związków organicznych pełnią także mikroorganizmy glebowe, które bytując w strefie przykorzeniowej często w znacznie większym stopniu niż rośliny uczestniczą w mineralizacji ksenobiotyków. Poprzez to, iż rośliny stwarza-ją mikroorganizmom glebowym dogodne warunki do życia – dochodzi tutaj do swoistej współpracy między nimi. Wykorzystując tę współpracę można również w sposób bardzo efektywny usuwać z gleby wiele toksycznych związków organicznych takich jak pestycydy, polichlorowane bifenyle, wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne oraz inne związki ropopochodne. Chociaż jest to proces stosunkowo powolny w porównaniu z innymi metodami, niska inwazyjność oraz względy ekonomiczne przemawiają na jego korzyść. Obecnie coraz częściej obserwuje się próby usprawnienia naturalnego procesu fitoremediacji przez wykorzystanie metod inżynierii genetycznej. Między innymi wszczepia się do genomu roślinnego geny kodujące cytochromy z innych organizmów. Pomysł ten jest stale rozwijany, a wyniki coraz śmielej prowadzonych w tym zakresie prac badawczych są obiecujące.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

rhizosphere; phytoremediation; biodegradation; soil reclamation; soil contamination; organic contaminant; xenobiotic; detoxification; cytochrome P450; glutathione S-transferase

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Agrophysica
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 19
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.153-169,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Spaczynski M.

• Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul.Konstantynow 1H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland

autor

Seta-Koselska A.

autor

Patrzylas P.

autor

Betlej A.

autor

Skorzynska-Polit E.

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