Major roads have a negative impact on the Tawny Owl Strix aluco and the Little Owl Athene noctua populations

• Autorzy: Silva C.C. , Lourenco R. , Godinho S. , Gomes E. , Sabino-Marques H. , Medinas D. , Neves V. , Silva C. , Rabaca J. E. , Mira A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Negatywny wpływ obecności dróg głównych na występowanie puszczyka i pójdźki

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The increasing road networks threaten ecosystems by direct effects such as increased mortality due to collision with vehicles and by various indirect effects leading to road avoidance. We censused Tawny Owls Strix aluco and Little Owls Athene noctua in 2005, 2007 and 2009 in a rural landscape in Southern Portugal in order to study the effects of roads and habitat characteristics on Tawny Owl density and Little Owl presence. The presence of both owl species in the 70 census locations was coherent among years. Our results showed that Tawny Owl density near major roads was lower, with the negative effects extending possibly up to 2 km. The probability of Little Owl presence was also negatively affected by the proximity to major roads. The negative effects of roads were significant even considering habitat preferences and spatial autocorrelation, which had the most marked effect on the density or presence of both owls. The reduced occupancy by Tawny Owls and Little Owls of habitats near major roads may be caused by several factors, including increased mortality, disturbance caused by high traffic density, and increased fragmentation. Traffic noise in particular may affect intra-specific communication and hunting efficiency. Consequently, habitat near roads may represent lower-quality territories for owls.

PL

W pracy badano związek między występowaniem puszczyka i pójdźki w krajobrazie rolniczym w południowej Portugalii, a obecnością na tym terenie sieci drogowej. Prace prowadzono między marcem a majem 2005, 2007 i 2009 na obszarze 364 km2, na którym znajdowało się 143 km dróg, w tym 82 km dróg głównych i autostrad. Autorzy do głównych dróg zaliczyli te, na których ruch w ciągu ośmiu godzin nocnych wyniósł ponad 400 samochodów, zaś za drogi lokalne uznano te o ruchu poniżej 168 samochodów. Obecność sów i ich zagęszczenia określano metodą punktową z zastosowaniem stymulacji magnetofonowej. Dla każdego z 70 punktów określono w buforze 600 m obecność i rodzaj dróg i odległość do najbliższej drogi głównej, a także zmienne środowiskowe: udział otwartych zadrzewień, udział lasów, udział upraw, obecność winnic i gajów oliwnych. Wyliczono także współczynnik różnorodności środowisk (LSDI). W analizach wzięto pod uwagę zagęszczenia puszczyka, jako, że w punktach stwierdzono przynajmniej jedną parę, oraz występowanie pójdźki, gdyż w każdym punkcie, dla którego zarejestrowano ten gatunek występowała tylko jedna para tego gatunku. Stwierdzono, że na zagęszczenia puszczyka wpływały dwie zmienne: udział lasów i odległość do najbliższej drogi głównej (Tab. 1, 2). Zagęszczenia puszczyka wzrastały wraz z odległością od głównych dróg (Fig. 1), a największa liczba par stwierdzana była w punktach położonych ponad 2 km od drogi głównej (Fig. 3). Występowanie pójdźki związane było z odległością od drogi głównej i udziałem upraw (Tab. 1, 3). Punkty, w których stwierdzono obecność pójdźki znajdowały się dalej od głównych dróg (Fig. 2). Nie stwierdzono związku między badanymi sowami a drogami lokalnymi. Autorzy sugerują, że sieć dróg wpływa na występowanie puszczyka i pójdźki poprzez: zwiększoną śmiertelność ptaków, zmiany w zachowaniu związane z reflektorami samochodów oraz hałas, który oddziałuje na komunikację pomiędzy osobnikami i efektywność polowań.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 47
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.47-54,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Silva C.C.

• Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Lourenco R.

• LabOr - Laboratory of Ornithology, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal
• Mediterranean Ecosystems and Landscapes Research Group, Institute of Mediterranean Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Godinho S.

• Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Gomes E.

• Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Sabino-Marques H.

• Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Medinas D.

• Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal
• Mediterranean Ecosystems and Landscapes Research Group, Institute of Mediterranean Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Neves V.

• Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Silva C.

• Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Rabaca J. E.

• LabOr - Laboratory of Ornithology, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal
• Mediterranean Ecosystems and Landscapes Research Group, Institute of Mediterranean Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

autor

Mira A.

• Conservation Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal
• Mediterranean Ecosystems and Landscapes Research Group, Institute of Mediterranean Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of Evora, 7002-554 Evora, Portugal

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