Zastosowanie metod biotechnologicznych w hodowli molekularnej rzepaku

• Autorzy: Olejniczak O. , Mikolajczyk K.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The use of biotechnological methods in molecular breeding of oilseed rape

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W pracy przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej badań genetycznych ważnej uprawnej rośliny oleistej strefy klimatu umiarkowanego, jaką jest rzepak ozimy. Zaprezentowano metody biotechnologiczne, takie jak transformacje genetyczne z użyciem wektorów bakteryjnych oraz metodą wyciszania genów, ukierunkowana mutageneza, a także selekcja z użyciem markerów genetycznych, w odniesieniu do prowadzonych doświadczeń hodowlanych. Metody te stosowane są w celu modyfikacji i polepszenia ważnych gospodarczo cech, takich jak odporność na choroby i szkodniki, plon nasion, plon oleju, skład kwasów tłuszczowych w oleju nasion, występowanie związków aktywnych biologicznie w oleju i wytłoku oraz zawartość włókna w okrywie nasiennej. Podkreślono znaczenie identyfikacji specyficznych markerów genetycznych i ich zastosowania do selekcji w programach hodowli. Wskazano na rozwój nowej, interdyscyplinarnej dziedziny, określonej jako hodowla molekularna. Przedstawiono również praktyczne zastosowanie różnego rodzaju markerów genetycznych, identyfikujących geny i rejony genomu sprzężone z określonymi cechami, z włączeniem markerów opracowanych w IHAR – PIB, Oddział w Poznaniu.

EN

This paper comprises a review of genetic studies of winter oilseed rape, an important oil crop of the moderate climate zone. Biotechnological methods, such as genetic transformation with the use of bacterial vectors and gene silencing, site-directed mutagenesis as well as selection with the use of genetic markers with respect to field experiments were presented. The methods are applied for modification and improving of economically important traits, including resistance to diseases and pests, seed yield, seed oil fatty acid composition, the presence of biologically active compounds in oil and seed meal, and also the fibre content in seed coat. The importance of specific genetic markers development and their use for selection in breeding programs was highlighted. Molecular breeding was mentioned as a new, interdisciplinary domain. Finally, practical use of several genetic markers for identifying genes and genome regions linked to specific traits, including those developed at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – NRI, Poznan Branch, was presented.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

hodowla roslin; rzepak ozimy; Brassica napus; metody biotechnologiczne; markery genetyczne; transformacja genetyczna

EN

plant breeding; winter rape; Brassica napus; biotechnological method; genetic marker; genetic transformation

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Rośliny Oleiste - Oilseed Crops
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 34
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: s.7-25,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Olejniczak O.

• Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet im.Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

autor

Mikolajczyk K.

• Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział w Poznaniu

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