Reasons for culling, culling due to lameness, and economic losses in dairy cows

• Autorzy: Olechnowicz J. , Jaskowski J. M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The review presents reasons for the culling of dairy cows, focusing on clinical lameness and production losses in cows affected by lameness. The culling of cows is a technique that may lead to herd improvement and increased profits or reduced costs by replacing sick or non-pregnant cows. The reasons for culling are generally voluntary, for example poor production, or involuntary, including mastitis, extreme lameness or poor reproduction, and/or death. Culling rates in dairy herds vary, ranging from 20% to 35% per year. The most common reasons for culling dairy cows in herds are diseases, such as mastitis, reproductive diseases, and clinical lameness. Many other factors, such as parity, lactation stage, reproductive performance, health, calving season, milk yield and cow welfare, also influence the decision to cull a cow. Effects of lameness reduce milk yield, negatively affect fertility, and increase the risk of culling. Milk loss contributes 40% to the cost of lameness, followed by treatment costs (34%) and decreased fertility (26%). Many studies report an increased risk of culling for lame cows with hoof diseases, especially sole ulcers. Some studies, however, indicate that the effect of lameness on culling is unclear because the literature provides little information on the reasons for culling and, in particular, on the relation between reproductive performance and the incidence of mastitis or lameness. Hence, the decision to cull a cow is complicated and often depends on the parity, milk production, fertility, and health of cows.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Medycyna Weterynaryjna
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: 67
• Numer: 09
• Opis fizyczny: p.618-621,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Olechnowicz J.

• Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Breeding and Biology of Animals, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 52, 60-625 Poznan, Poland

autor

Jaskowski J. M.

Bibliografia

• 1. Bell M. J., Wall G., Russel D., Roberts D. J., Simm G.: Risk factors for culling in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Vet. Rec. 2010, 167, 238-240.
• 2. Bennet R. M., Christainsen K., Clifton-Hadley R. S.: Estimating the costs associated with endemic diseases of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Res. 1999, 66, 455-459.
• 3. Booth C. J., Warnick L. D., Gröhn Y. T., Maizon D. O.: Effect of lameness on culling in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2004, 87, 4115-4122.
• 4. Cha E., Hertl J. A., Bar D., Gröhn Y. T.: The cost of different types of lameness in dairy cows calculated by dynamic programming. Prev. Vet. Med. 2010, 97, 1-8.
• 5. Collik D. W., Ward W. R., Dobson H.: Associations between types of lameness and fertility. Vet. Rec. 1989, 125, 103-106.
• 6. Cramer G., Lissemore K. D., Guard C. L., Leslie K. E., Kelton D. F.: The associations between foot lesions and culling risk in Ontario Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92, 2572-2579.
• 7. Enting H., Kooij D., Dijkhuizen A. A., Huirne R. B. M., Nordhuizen-Stassen E. N.: Economic losses due to clinical lameness in dairy cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci. 1997, 49, 259-267.
• 8. Esslemont R. J., Kossaibati M. A.: Culling in 50 dairy herds in England. Vet. Rec. 1997, 140, 36-39.
• 9. Ettema J. F., Østergaard S.: Economic decision making on prevention and control of clinical lameness in Danish dairy herds. Livest. Sci. 2006, 102, 92-106.
• 10. Ettema J. F., Østergaard S., Kristensen A. R.: Modelling the economic impact of three lameness causing diseases using herd and cow level evidence. Prev. Vet. Med. 2010, 95, 64-73.
• 11. Fetrow J., Nordlund K. V., Norman H. D.: Invited Review: Culling: nomenclature, definitions, and recommendations. J. Dairy Sci. 2006, 89, 1896-1905.
• 12. Green L. E., Hedges V. J., Schukken Y. H.: The impact of clinical lameness on the milk yield of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2002, 85, 2250-2256.
• 13. Gröhn Y. T., Cha E., Hertl J. A., Bar D.: Economic modeling: dynamic program approach to lameness, [in:] Conference Proceedings of 15th International Symposium and 7th Conference on lameness in ruminants, 9-13 June 2008, Kuopio, Finland, pp. 18-23.
• 14. Gröhn Y. T., Rajala-Schultz P. J., Allore H. G., DeLorenzo M. A., Hertl J. A., Galligan D. T.: Optimizing replacement of dairy cows; modeling the effects of diseases. Prev. Vet. Med. 2003, 61, 27-43.
• 15. Heuer C., Schukken Y. H., Dobbelaar P.: Postpartum body condition score and results from the first test day milk as predictors of disease, fertility, yield, and culling in commercial dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci. 1999, 82, 295-304.
• 16. Hultgren J., Manske T., Bergsten C.: Associations of sole ulcer at claw trimming with reproductive performance, udder health, milk yield, and culling in Swedish dairy cattle. Prev. Vet. Med. 2004, 62, 233-251.
• 17. Kossaibati M. A., Esslemont R. J.: The costs of production diseases in dairy herds in England. Vet. J. 1997, 154, 41-51.
• 18. Lucey S., Rowlands G. J., Russell A. M.: The associations between lameness and fertility in dairy cows. Vet. Rec. 1986, 118, 628-631.
• 19. Manske T., Hultgren J., Bergsten C.: Prevalence and interrelationships of hoof lesions and lameness in Swedish dairy cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 2002, 54, 247-263.
• 20. Murray R. D., Downham D. Y., Clarkson M. J., Faull W. B., Hughes J. W., Manson F. J., Merritt J. B., Russell W. B., Sutherst J. E., Ward W. R.: Epidemiology of lameness in dairy cattle: description and analysis of foot lesions. Vet. Rec. 1996, 138, 586-591.
• 21. Rajala-Schultz P. J., Gröhn Y. T.: Culling of dairy cows. Part I. Effects of diseases on culling in Finnish Ayrshire cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 1999, 41, 195-208.
• 22. Rajala-Schultz P. J., Gröhn Y. T.: Culling of dairy cows. Part II. Effect of diseases and reproductive performance on culling in Finnish Ayrshire cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 1999, 41, 279-294.
• 23. Rajala-Schultz P. J., Gröhn Y. T.: Culling of dairy cows. Part III. Effects of diseases, pregnancy status and milk yield on culling in Finnish Ayrshire cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 1999, 41, 295-309.
• 24. Schneider M. del P., Strandberg E., Emanuelson U., Grandinson K., Roth A.: The effect of veterinary-treated clinical mastitis and pregnancy status on culling in Swedish dairy cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 2007, 80, 179-192.
• 25. Seegers H., Beaudeau F., Fourichon C., Bareille N.: Reasons for culling in French Holstein cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 1998, 36, 257-271.
• 26. Singleton G. H., Dobson H.: A survey of the reasons for culling pregnant cows. Vet. Rec. 1995, 136, 162-165.
• 27. Sogstad Å. M., Østeras O., Fjeldaas T., Nafstad O.: Bovine claw and limb disorders related to culling and carcass characteristics. Livest. Sci. 2007, 106, 87-95.
• 28. Stott A. W., Kennedy J. O.: The economics of culling dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Vet. Rec. 1993, 133, 494-499.
• 29. Whitaker D. A., Kelly J. M., Smith S.: Disposal and disease rates in 340 British dairy herds. Vet. Rec. 2000, 146, 363-367.

Uwagi

Rekord w opracowaniu