PL
Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu rodzaju wnoszonej materii organicznej pod uprawę nasienną rutwicy wschodniej na skład jakościowy i ilościowy grzybów izolowanych z korzeni oraz zebranego materiału nasiennego. Roślina w latach badań była odpowiednio nawożona organicznie: I - słoma jęczmienna, II - słoma rutwicowa, III - osad ściekowy, IV - zrębki wierzbowe. Dodatkowo analizowano zasiedlenie korzeni przez grzyby w kombinacji kontrolnej, bez zastosowanego nawożenia organicznego. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2009-2010. Z pobranych prób wyizolowano ogółem 1168 kolonii należących do 29 gatunków, w tym w 2009 roku 602, a w 2010 roku - 566 kolonii. W pierwszym roku badań dominował gatunek Rhizoctonia solani, który stanowił 20% wszystkich izolowanych grzybów, a w 2010 roku Penicillium spp. (14%). Najwięcej grzybów izolowano w kombinacjach, w których zastosowano nawożenie słomą jęczmienną oraz słomą rutwicową, a najmniej z roślin nawożonych osadem ściekowym. Na nasionach zidentyfikowano 10 gatunków grzybów. Najczęściej izolowano: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Epicoccum purpurascens, Cladosporium herbarum, Stemphylium botryosum i Penicillium spp.
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of varied organic fertilization of fodder galega plantation on the species composition and number of fungi isolated from roots and seeds. Organic fertilization used in the study disrupts a natural equilibrium of soil microorganisms. In a consequence, it may favor a development of potentially pathogenic fungi and it may also affects the composition of microorganisms living on fodder galega seeds. Analyses were conducted in 2009-2010 in the fields of the Experimental Station UTP Univesity of Science and Technology at Mochełek, in four replications. The plants were organically fertilized: I - barley straw, II - galega straw III - sewage sludge, IV - willow chips. In the control combination - without organic fertilization, fungi colonizing the fodder galega roots were also studied. Root samples were taken before plants flowering. Hundred roots (4 X 25), randomly chosen from each combination were examined to determine their healthiness. In total, 1168 colonies of fungi belonging to 29 species were isolated, including 602 colonies in 2009 and 566 in 2010. Low level of pathogenic species isolated from roots was observed. In the first year of the study Rhizoctonia solani was the most frequently isolated species (20%), whereas Penicillium spp. was the most often isolated fungus in 2010 (14%). R. solani, Penicillium spp., Trichoderma viride and T. koningii were the most frequently occurring fungi. However, Mucor mucedo and Fusarium appeared as well. Fusarium dominated in 2010, F. sporotrichoides, F. oxysporum, F. graminearum and F equiseti were the most abundant. The highest number of fungi was isolated in combinations with barley straw and galega straw fertilization, however the least number - with sewage sludge. Mycological analyses of seeds showed the low concentration of fungi.Ten species of fungi were identified on seeds: Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Epicoc-cum purpurascens, Cladosporium herbarum, Stemphylium botryosum and Penicillium spp. were the most often isolated saprotrophic fungi. In conclusion, among fungi isolated from roots and seeds the saprotrophic species dominated. The pathogenic fungi were mainly represented by Fusarium spp. and that more colonies of fungi isolated from the roots of plants fertilized with barley straw and galega straw.