Chemical applications affected dormancy breaking in ‘Modi’ apple cultivar under subtropical conditions

• Autorzy: Imrak B. , Kuden A.B. , Kuden A. , Sarier A.K. , Cimen B.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ czynników chemicznych na przerwanie stanu uśpienia jabłek odmiany Modi w warunkach subtropikalnych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The winter chill is essential for most fruit crops. Fruit trees require a certain number of chill hours, also called chill units, each winter to produce fruits in the next summer. Insufficient chilling accumulation during winter period usually results in blooming disorders and decreases the fruit yield of deciduous fruit trees. Dormancy can be broken by using chemicals, such as Dormex. In recent years Dormex has been forbidden in some countries, including Turkey since it was found to be carcinogenic to human beings. This situation raised a necessity to find alternative chemicals to Dormex to be used in subtropical climate regions. For this purpose, six years old trees of ‘Modi’ apple scions (Malus sylvestris, Mill) grafted on Malling-Merton M9 rootstocks were sprayed with 6% Erger (total nitrogen, 15.0%; ureic nitrogen, 6.1%; nitric nitrogen, 5.8%; ammoniacal, 3.1%; water soluble calcium oxide, 4.7%), hydrogen cyanamide 4% (Dormex) and potassium nitrate 8% (KNO3 ) for breaking dormancy of the buds during 2011–2013. Calculating the chilling hours below 7°C and chill unit (CU) values during the experimental winter periods, 497 to 828 h and 357 to 467 CU of chilling durations were obtained under subtropical conditions of Adana (36°56 12'04''N. 35° 33'53.46''E ). Modi broke endodormancy of the buds on 20 February 2012 with the accumulation of 375 CU and 550 h. The effects of dormancy breaking agents on bud break, fruit set and fruit quality were investigated. Erger markedly advanced bud-break and increased the final fruit set, quality and yield in comparison with the other treatments and control.

PL

Chłód zimowy jest istotny dla większości owoców. Drzewa owocowe wymagają pewnej liczby godzin chłodnych (jednostkek chłodu) każdej zimy, aby wyprodukować owoce następnego lata. Niewystarczająca kumulacja ochłodzenia podczas zimy zwykle powoduje zaburzenia w kwitnieniu oraz zmniejsza plon owoców liściastych drzew owocowych. Okres uśpienia można przerwać przy użyciu środków chemicznych, takich jak Dor mex. W ostatnich latach Dormex został zakazany w niektórych krajach, łącznie z Turcją, gdyż stwierdzono jego rakotwórczy wpływ na ludzi. Sytuacja ta wywołała konieczność znalezienia alternatywnych środków chemicznych do zastosowania w subtropikalnych regionach. W tym celu sześcioletnie drzewa jabłoni ‘Modi’ (Malus sylvestris, Mill) zaszczepione na podkładkach Malling-Merton M9 w latach 2011–2013 opryskano 6% Ergerem (całkowity azot – 15.0%; azot mocznika – 6.1%; azot azotanowy – 5.8%; amoniak – 3.1%; tlenek wapnia rozpuszczalny w wodzie – 4.7%), cyjanamidem wodoru 4% (Dormex) i azotanem potasowy 8% (KNO3 ), aby przerwać okres uśpienia pąków. Obliczono godziny chłodu poniżej 7°C oraz wartości jednostek chłodu (CU) podczas eksperymentalnych okresów zimowych w warunkach subtropikalnych w Adana (36°56 12'04''N. 35° 33'53.46''E ), otrzymując 497 do 828 godzin i 357 do 467 CU. Okres uśpienia pąków jabłoni ‘Modi’ został przerwany 20 lutego, przy kumulacji 375 CU i 550 godzin. Badano wpływ środków przerywających uśpienie na pąki, zawiązki i jakość owoców. Erger zdecydowanie przyspieszał pękanie pąków i zwiększał ostateczne zawiązywanie owoców oraz plon w porównaniu z innymi środkami i z kontrolą.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 15
• Numer: 6
• Opis fizyczny: p.265-277,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Imrak B.

• Department of Horticulture Research and Experimental Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, 01330, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey

autor

Kuden A.B.

• University of Cukurova, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey

autor

Kuden A.

• University of Cukurova, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey

autor

Sarier A.K.

• University of Cukurova, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey

autor

Cimen B.

• University of Cukurova, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey

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