EN
Background: In this mini-review we would like to focus on common points of neuroscience and sports science. We will shortly describe a few parts of this unity namely; nerve conduction studies, cognitive profiles of sportsmen and an influence of physical training on cognitive functioning. We want to emphasize the importance of so far conducted research: on the one hand, its application in the methodology of sport training, and on the other hand, expanding the field of knowledge in neuroscience. Material/Methods: Analysis of articles in the EBSCO database using keywords: athletes, sportsmen, cognitive tests, physical training, elderly, psychological traits, cognitive profile. Results: Several methodological problems in examining cognitive functions and psychological traits of athletes has been indicated. Conclusions: Conclusions could be far-reaching; however, thanks to knowledge from sports science, scientists and clinicians have an opportunity to design a therapy for patients with mild cognitive impairments.