Foraging behaviour of White-backed Woodpeckers Dendrocopos leucotos in a primeval forest (Bialowieza National Park, NE Poland): dependence on habitat resources and season

• Autorzy: Czeszczewik D.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Żerowanie dzięcioła białogrzbietego w zależności od zasobów i pory roku w pierwotnych drzewostanach Białowieskiego Pasrku Narodowego

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Detailed knowledge of the foraging behaviour of endangered species, especially in relation to available resources, may be useful in conservation management. I studied the year-round foraging behaviour of the White- backed Woodpecker in broadleaved, primeval Białowieża Forest (NE Poland), and investigated how foraging time was divided among various substrates and foraging techniques. Of the 13 tree species used for foraging, woodpeckers were most frequently recorded utilising the three most common tree species: hornbeam Carpinus betulus, lime Tilia cordata and spruce Picea abies (totalling 61-68% of observed time), and the proportional use of tree species did not change seasonally. Observations of birds foraging on snags increased and foraging on fallen trees decreased from spring to winter. Foraging was most frequently recorded on dead substrates (72-85%), usually those covered with bark. Mean time of foraging on an individual tree increased significantly from spring to winter. The foraging techniques most often used by woodpeckers were bark-pecking (29-11%) and superficial wood-pecking (12-27%). During winter, foraging techniques did not change significantly in relation to weather. These results suggest that forest stand composition is less important to this species than tree condition. Most broadleaved tree species and, under some conditions, spruce can be utilised for foraging by this woodpecker if they provide dead or dying substrates.

PL

W latach 1999-2007 analizowano miejsca i techniki żerowania dzięcioła białogrzbietego w aspekcie sezonowym w pierwotnych drzewostanach Białowieskiego Parku Narodowego. Dzięcioły żerowały na 13 gatunkach drzew, najczęściej na grabie, lipie i świerku (Tab. 1). Preferowane do żerowania były grube drzewa o średnicy pnia > 40 cm (Fig. 1). Od wiosny do zimy rósł udział żerowania na stojących martwych, a malał na leżących drzewach (Fig. 2). Dzięcioły najczęściej żerowały na martwych częściach drzew (72-85%). Wiosną dzięcioły żerowały średnio najwyżej, zaś zimą najniżej (Tab. 2). Średni czas trwania żerowania wydłużał się od wiosny do zimy (Fig. 3). Zimą ptaki spędzały na żerowaniu w jednym miejscu tym więcej czasu im było zimniej (Fig. 4). Najczęściej stosowanymi technikami żerowania było kucie kory (29-41%) oraz płytkie kucie drewna (12-27%). Otrzymane wyniki i porównanie z podobnymi badaniami z innych terenów wskazują, że skład gatunkowy drzewostanu jest mniej istotny dla dzięcioła białogrzbietego w porównaniu do kondycji drzew. Większość gatunków liściastych a także świerk może być wykorzystywana do żerowania przez tego dzięcioła pod warunkiem, że dostarczają one martwego drewna. Z powyższych badań wynika, że dzięcioł białogrzbiety jest gatunkiem w pewnym stopniu plastycznym, dla którego nie jest ważny skład gatunkowy drzewostanu, a występowanie odpowiedniej ilości martwego drewna.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

bird; White-backed Woodpecker; Dendrocopos leucotos; foraging behaviour; primeval forest; Bialowieza National Park; Poland; habitat; resource; seasonal variation

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: 44
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.109-118,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Czeszczewik D.

• Department of Zoology, University of Podlasie, Prusa 12, 08–110 Siedlce, Poland

Bibliografia

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/000164509X482687