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This presentation shows a profi le of Professor Stefan Kazimierz Pieńkowski, the eminent neurologist and psychiatrist, the successor of Professor Jan Pilz at the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. He studied medicine in Warsaw and Kiev, next, medicine, philosophy and natural sciences in Cracow. He specialized in embryology, bacteriology, neurology and psychiatry in Cracow and some universities in France. His main scientifi c interests were focused on hereditariness of mental diseases, encephalitis, brain injuries, and infl uence of blood circulation disorder on nervous system. He published papers on encephalitis in French and Polish. He was the Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Neurologia Polska” and a correspondent for the French journal “Revue Neurologique”, the Vice-President of the Psychiatric and Neurological Society, the Commission for Research on the Brain of Marshall Józef Piłsudski, the Eugenic Commission in the Polish Psychiatric Society. He was murdered by Soviets in Katyń. References: Public Record Offi ce in Warsaw and Archive of Jagiellonian University in Cracow, S. K. Pieńkowski’s records.