Stabilność materiału roślinnego po krioprezerwacji

• Autorzy: Kulus D.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Stability of plant material after cryopreservation

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W pracach poświęconych krioprezerwacji często pomija się weryfikację stabilności przechowywanych prób. Aby jednak było możliwe wprowadzenie tkanek do ciekłego azotu, konieczne jest ich wcześniejsze przygotowanie związane z zastosowaniem kultur in vitro, krioprotektantów oraz odwadniania. Te etapy procedury kriozabezpieczania mogą przyczynić się do wystąpienia zmienności. Może się ona objawiać na poziomie sekwencji DNA, ploidalności, aktywności metabolicznej i/lub fenotypu. Możliwe są także zmiany o charakterze epigenetycznym. Rzadko jednak się zdarza, aby zmiany te pojawiały się na wszystkich poziomach. Zwykle wykrywane są one na poziomie genetycznym (sekwencji DNA) lub epigenetycznym (metylacji cytozyny), rzadziej natomiast rzutują na fenotyp uzyskanych roślin. Zasadniczo nie obserwuje się zmian ploidalności czy zawartości jądrowego DNA. Zdarza się także, że obserwowana zmienność z czasem mija. Zwykle w celu weryfikacji stabilności materiału po krioprezerwacji wykorzystuje się markery molekularne. Tylko wyjątkowo w badaniach użyto dwa markery lub więcej. Obraz stabilności roślin po krioprezerwacji pozostaje więc wciąż nie w pełni poznany.

EN

Every year the number of the plant cultivars available is increasing. The new highly-efficient but scarce cultivars are replacing the previous, more numerous, ones. The old cultivars, however, constitute a very important source of genes for breeding. In order to prevent genetic erosion, it is essential to develop efficient long-term storage methods for countless cultivars and plant species. Today cryopreservation is believed to be the most effective technique; the plant material is stored in liquid nitrogen at –196°C. Cryopreservation has been developing rapidly since the 1940s. Over time several cryopreservation techniques have been developed. Long-standing studies have facilitated the optimization of cryopreservation protocols of numerous usable, ornamental, medicinal and threatened plant species in terms of high survival and recovery rates recorded after thawing. The genetic liquid-nitrogen-derived plants stability verification is, however, often neglected. A properly optimized procedure should not trigger any (negative) biological material alternations. It is generally assumed that storage in liquid nitrogen itself does not cause any changes in plant properties; Earth radiation not included. However, to make the intravital tissues storage at such low temperature possible, first a proper protection is required, which is associated with the application of in vitro cultures, chemical cryoprotectants and dehydration. Those steps may contribute to the occurrence of variation. Alternations affect the DNA sequence, chromosome number, ultrastructural, metabolic activity and/or phenotype levels. Epigenetic changes are also possible and sometimes they are even more frequent than the genetic ones. Such changes, however, are not observed at all levels at the same time. Usually they are detectable in the DNA sequence or at the cytosine methylation level. Phenotype alternations are less frequently described. In general cryopreservation affects neither the ploidy level nor the amount of nuclear DNA. It is sometimes observed that the variation intensity changes in time and occurs at specific developmental stages of the plant. Usually, in order to verify the stability of the plant material recovered after cryopreservation, molecular markers (RAPD, ISSR, AFLP etc.) are applied. It is uncommon to use more than one or two (usually molecular and cytogenetic) stability marker types. In the past phenotype markers were more popular, however today they are infrequently used. Still, even though they are time-consuming, phenotype markers provide valuable information, which is especially important with ornamental plants and chimeras, in particular. In general there is no complete information on plant stability after cryopreservation. A complex issue analysis is still required. The aim of this paper is to gather information on plant material stability after cryostorage.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 586
• Opis fizyczny: s.109-123,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Kulus D.

• Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im.J.J.Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy

Bibliografia

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