Struktura odpływu w zlewni różnicowej Nidy

• Autorzy: Nowicka B. , Woronko D.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The runoff structure in the Nida differential river basin

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

1. Alimentation of the researched system. In the years 1971-1998, an average 0.698 km³ of water alimented the researched system annually. Of this volume, merely 22 per cent originated by precipitation, while the remaining amount was the inflow from the upper course of the Nida, which therefore had a dominant influence on the regime of the researched section of the river. The temporal distribution of flow coefficient (Parde) did not change between the cross sections closing the system. The temporal distribution of both inflow variables is uneven. With regard to precipitation inflow, the privileged months are June, July and August. In case of river inflow, on the average the largest water volumes aliment the system in the spring. At the same time, the maximum flow values are reached in July and August. The inflow to the river basin is point-like, whereas the precipitation inflow is spatially varied, with the right-bank part of the basin collecting the major part of water. The distribution of precipitation is affected by such factors as the Nida valley. This is particularly well visible in June, July and August (up to 10 per cent difference in precipitation volumes), in the winter months it is an insignificant phenomenon. 2. Runoff conditions in the differential river basin subsystem The differential river basin subsystem is varied in terms of physiogeographic conditions. It is made up of three units: the Wodzisław Hummock, the Pińczów Hummock and the Solec Basin, which bears upon the runoff conditions. This is manifested by differences in the density of the drainage system, ranging from 0.36 km/km² in the Wodzisław Hummock to 0.85 km/km² within the Solec Basin. This picture is disturbed by artificial watercourses, which represent 45 per cent of the entire drainage network. If we compare the runoff conditions in the left-bank and right-bank parts of the river basin, we can observe that in the latter they are markedly worse. Measured at high water stages (in July 1999), the unit runoffs reached the values of merely 1.151 skm/skm² to 2.031 skm². In the left-bank part of the river basin, the unit runoff was definitely higher and more varied. The best runoff conditions were recorded in the gypsum karst of the Solec Basin and at the base of the Pińczów Hummock. Maximum unit runoffs measured in July 1999 reached 15.31 skm². In the years 1971-1998, the average unit runoff from the entire researched subsystem was high and amounted to 5.61 skm². In the wet years, it reached 10.711 skm², while in the dry ones it fell to 3.22 skm². The average runoff coefficient ( 1971-1998) reached 32 per cent. 3. The functioning of the Nida subsystem. The Nida valley constitutes a separate physio-geographic unit. In the early 1970s, it was strongly transformed by man owing to the regulation of the Nida channel, construction of drainage ditches and accompanying hydrotechnical facilities. All this resulted in reduced retention role of the valley in the area of Pińczów. Nonetheless, the valley's retention function was still visible in transforming high water stages. This particularly applied for summer high water stages, whose maximum flows normally diminished along with the river flow. During thaw flows, this was not as obvious, which could be associated with ice phenomena. The transformation period of the maximum flow normally lasted two to three days. In the researched section, the Nida, primarily performs a transit role. In the years 1971-1998, on the average the Nida river channel annually transported 0.546 km³ of water from the upper part of the river basin. The side tributary alimentation from the differential catchment area subsystem represented only eight to nine per cent of this volume. It was primarily water produced by the drainage of the abundant subterranean waters. The waste water discharged to the Nida represented approximately six per cent of the annual average of side tributary alimentation.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Prace i Studia Geograficzne
• Rocznik: 2000
• Tom: 27
• Opis fizyczny: s.43-67,rys.,tab.,wykr.,map.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Nowicka B.

autor

Woronko D.

Bibliografia

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