The effect of a small conotoxin-like ctx gene from Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) on insect hemolymph melanization

• Autorzy: Cao Q. , Zhu S.-Y. , Wu Y. , Liu Y. , Zhu J. , Wang W.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The conotoxin-like (ctx) gene encodes a small cysteine-rich polypeptide in various baculoviruses. Previous research has demonstrated that the product of the ctx gene could be purified from insect cells infected by Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV), but its function was unknown. In this paper, we compared the conserved cysteine motif structure (CX3GX2CX5CCX3CX6C) of the ctx gene in baculoviruses and generated recombinant Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) with the BmNPV bacmid system. !e recombinant BmNPV contained the ctx gene from AcMNPV or a fusion gene of ctx with eGFP, respectively. Fluorescence in CTX-eGFPpositive cells was mainly observed on the cell membrane. To gain insight into CTX function, two methods were used to elucidate the affect CTX had on hemolymph melanization in vivo and in vitro in insect larvae and pupae. The results indicated that CTX abrogates hemolymph melanization; however, the mechanisms require further evaluation.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

conotoxin-like gene; gene; Autographa californica; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; insect; hemolymph; melanization; baculovirus

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Microbiology
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: 61
• Numer: 3

Twórcy

autor

Cao Q.

• Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

autor

Zhu S.-Y.

autor

Wu Y.

autor

Liu Y.

autor

Zhu J.

autor

Wang W.

Bibliografia

• Barillas-Mury C. 2007. CLIP proteases and Plasmodium melanization in Anopheles gambiae. Trends Parasitol. 23: 297–299.
• Cerenius L., B.L. Lee and K. Soderhall. 2008. The proPO-system: pros and cons for its role in invertebrate immunity. Trends Immunol. 29(6): 263–271.
• Cerenius L. and K. Soderhall. 2004. The prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrates. Immunol. Rev. 198: 116–126.
• Eldridge R., Y. Li and L.K. Miller. 1992. Characterization of a baculovirus gene encoding a small conotoxinlike polypeptide. J. Virol. 66: 6563–6571.
• Ferrandon D., J.L. Imler, C. Hetru and J.A. Hoffman. 2007. The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7: 862–874.
• Gillespie J.P., M.R. Kanost and T. Trenczek. 1997. Biological media tors of insect immunity. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 42: 611–643.
• Herniou E.A., J.A. Olszewski, J.S. Cory and D.R. O’Reilly. 2003. The genome sequence and evolution of baculoviruses. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 48: 211–234.
• Imler J.L. and P. Bulet. 2005. Antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila: structures, activities and gene regulation. Chem. Immunol. Allergy. 86: 1–21.
• Kanost M.R., H. Jiang and X.Q. Yu. 2004. Innate immune responses of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta. Immunol. Rev. 198: 97–105.
• Lavine M.D. and M.R. Strand. 2002. Insect hemocytes and their role in immunity. Insect. Biochem. Molec. 32: 1295–1309.
• Lemaitre B. and J. Hoffmann. 2007. !e host defense of Drosophila melanogaster. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 25: 697–743.
• Lu Z. and H. Jiang. 2007. Regulation of phenoloxidase activity by high- and low-molecular-weight inhibitors from the larval hemolymph of Manduca sexta. Insect. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37: 478–485.
• Luna-Acosta A., D. Salnier, M. Pommier, P. Haffner, S. De Decker, T. Renault and H. Thomas-Guyan. 2011. First evidence of a potential antibacterial activity involving a laccase-type enzyme of the phenoloxidase system in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas haemocytes. Fish. Shellfish Immunol. 31: 795–800.
• Michel K. and F.C. Kafatos. 2005. Mosquito immunity against Plasmodium. Insect. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 35: 677–689.
• Nicholas K.B., H.B. Nicholas-Jr and D.W. Deerfield-II. 1997. GeneDoc: Analysis and Visualization of Genetic Variation. Embnet News. 4: 14.
• Olivera B.M., J. Rivier, C. Clark, C.A. Ramilo, G.P. Corpuz, F.C. Abogadie, E.E. Mena, S.R. Woodward, D.R. Hillyard and L.J. Cruz. 1990. Diversity of Conus neuropeptides. Science, 249: 257–263.
• Olivera B.M., J. Rivier, J.K. Scott, D.R. Hillyard and L.J. Cruz. 1991. Conotoxins. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 22067–22070.
• Rohrmann G.F. 2011. Baculovirus Molecular Biology. 2nd ed. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda. Sugumaran M. 2002. Comparative biochemistry of eumelanogenesis and the protective roles of phenoloxidase and melanin in insects. Pigment. Cell. Res. 15: 2–9.
• Swofford D.L. 1998. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Version 4. Sinauer Associates. Tamura K., J. Dudley, M. Nai and S. Kumar. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0. MOL BIOL EVOL. 24: 1596–1599.
• Theopold U., O. Schmidt, K. Soderhall and M.S. Dushay. 2004. Coagulation in arthropods: defence, wound closure and healing. Trends Immunol. 25: 289–294.
• Williams M.J. 2007. Drosophila hemopoiesis and cellular immunity. J. Immunol. 178: 4711–4716.