Wskaźniki stabilności drzew w drzewostanach sosnowych uszkodzonych przez wiatr

• Autorzy: Jelonek T. , Walkowiak R. , Jakubowski M. , Tomczak A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Indices of tree stability in Scots pine stands damaged by wind

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of selected tree stability indices described by individual biometric characteristics on the formation of their wind resistance. The analysis of tree stability was based on easily measurable tree traits, such as height, breast height diameter, crown parameters as well as the centre of gravity and slenderness factor. Investigations were conducted in wind−damaged Scots pine stands, where a total of over 600 trees were measured, of which almost 40% specimens were wind−broken. Results indicate that a significant role in the modification of tree stability is played by the slenderness factor, the location of the centre of gravity and crown parameters. Most of the analysed traits are strongly cross−correlated. However, these are slenderness and crown length that describe tree stability the best.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

lesnictwo; drzewostany sosnowe; uszkodzenia drzew; wiatry; drzewa lesne; sosna zwyczajna; Pinus sylvestris; stabilnosc; smuklosc drzew; srodek ciezkosci; dlugosc korony; objetosc korony

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Sylwan
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 157
• Numer: 05
• Opis fizyczny: s.323-329,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Jelonek T.

• Katedra Użytkowania Lasu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, ul.Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625 Poznań

autor

Walkowiak R.

• Katedra Metod Matematycznych i Statystycznych, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, ul.Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625 Poznań

autor

Jakubowski M.

• Katedra Użytkowania Lasu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, ul.Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625 Poznań

autor

Tomczak A.

• Katedra Użytkowania Lasu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, ul.Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625 Poznań

Bibliografia

• Alméras T., Fournier M. 2008. Biomechanical design and long−term stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction. J. T. Bio. 256 (3): 370−381.
• Baker C. J. 1995. The development of a theoretical model for the wind throw of plants. J. T. Bio. 175: 355−372.
• Burschel P., Huss J. 1997. Grundriss des Waldbau. Berlin, Parey Buchverlag.
• Cameron A. D., Dunham R. A. 1999. Strength properties of wind− and snow−damaged stems of Picea sitchensis and Pinus sylvestris in comparison with undamaged trees. Can. J. For. Res. 29 (5): 595−599.
• Coutts M. P. 1986. Components of tree stability in Sitka spruce on peaty gley soil. Forestry 59: 173−197.
• Erteld W., Hengst E. 1966. Waldertragslehre. Radebeul. Neumann Verlag.
• Flesch T. K., Wilson J. D. 1999. Wind and remnant tree sway in forest cutblocks. II. Relating measured tree sway to wind statistics. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 93: 243−258.
• Fournier M., Stokes A., Coutand C., Fourcaud T., Moulia B. 2006. Tree biomechanics and growth strategies in the context of forest functional ecology. W: Herrel A., Speck T., Rowe N. [red.]. Ecology and biomechanics: A mechanical approach to the ecology of animals and plants. CRC Press Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Louisiana, USA. 1−33.
• Gardiner B. A. 1994. Wind and wind forces in a plantation spruce forest. Boundary−Layer Meteorology 67: 161−186.
• Gardiner B. A., Marshall B., Achim A., Belcher R., Wood C. 2005. The stability of different silvicultural systems: a wind−tunnel investigation. Forestry 78 (5): 471−484.
• Hejnowicz Z. 2002. Anatomia i histogeneza roślin naczyniowych. PWN, Warszawa.
• Jambu M. 1991. Exploratory and multivariate data analysis. Academic Press.
• James K., Haritos N., Ades P. 2006. Mechanical stability of trees under dynamic loads. Am. J. Bot. 93 (10): 1522−1530.
• Jaworski A. 2004. Podstawy przyrostowe i ekologiczne odnawiania oraz pielęgnacji drzewostanów. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, Warszawa.
• Kerzenmacher T., Gardiner B. A. 1998. A mathematical model to describe the dynamic response of a spruce tree to the wind. Trees 12: 385−394.
• Lohmander P., Helles F. 1987. Windthrow probability as a function of stand characteristics and shelter. Scand. J. Forest Res. 2: 227−238.
• Mayer H. 1987. Wind−induced tree sways. Trees (Berlin) 1: 195−206.
• Meng S. X., Rudnicki M., Lieffers V. J., Reid D. E. B., Silins U. 2006. Preventing crown collisions increases the crown cover and leaf area of maturing lodgepole pine. J. Ecol. 94: 681−686.
• Pazdrowski W., Tomczak A., Kupczyk G., Jelonek T. 2005. Juvenile wood volume and proportion vs. selected biometric traits of stems of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 74 (4): 269−274.
• Peltola H. 2006. Mechanical stability of trees under static loads. Am. J. Bot. 93 (10): 1501−1511.
• Peltola H., Kellomaki S., Hassinen A., Granander M. 2000. Mechanical stability of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch: analysis of tree pulling experiments in Finland. For. Ecol. Manage. 135: 143−153.
• Peltola H., Kellomaki S., Hassinen A., Lemettinen M., Aho J., 1993. Swaying of trees as caused by wind: analysis of field measurements. Silva Fennica 27: 113−126.
• Petty J. A., Swain C. 1985. Factors Influencing Stem Breakage of Conifers in High Winds. Forestry 58 (1): 75−84.
• Quine C. P., Gardiner B. A. 2007. Understanding how the interaction of wind and trees results in windthrow, stem breakage, and canopy gap formation. W: Johnson E. A., Miyanishi K. [red.]. Plant Disturbance Ecology – The Process and the Response. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
• Sellier D., Fourcaud T. 2009. Crown structure and wood properties: influence on tree sway and response to high winds. Am. J. Bot. 96 (5): 885−896.
• Spatz H.−C., Bruechert F. 2000. Basic biomechanics of self−supporting plants: wind loads and gravitational loads on a Norway spruce tree. For. Ecol. Manage. 135: 33−44.
• Ulanova N. G. 2000. The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: a review. For. Ecol. Manage. 135: 155−167.
• Wood C. J. 1995. Understanding wind forces on trees. W: Coutts M. P., Grace J. [red.]. Wind and trees.. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 133−164.
• Ylinen A. 1952. Über die Mechaniszeschaftformthorie der Baüme. Silva Fennica 76: 1−51.
• Zajączkowski J. 1991. Odporność lasu na szkodliwe działanie wiatru i śniegu. Warszawa.