Morphometric analysis of muscularis proper and myenteric plexus of the normal human oesophagus. Age related changes

• Autorzy: Milosavljevic Z. , Zelen I. , Tanaskovic I. , Sazdanovic M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

Background: Oesophagus is a muscular tube that transports food and liquids by coordinated contraction of its muscular lining led by stimuli from the nerve plexus. Its muscularis proper layer consists of muscle cells, connective tissue and myenteric plexus. The aim of our histomorphometric study was to reveal detailed characteristics of this layer, cell number, volume, orientation, properties of myenteric plexus as well as changes related to aging. Materials and methods: Oesophagus tissue samples from 17 male cadavers were taken from the cranial and thoracic parts. Samples were divided in 2 groups: younger (ages 21–45) and older (ages 66–78). The tissue was routinely processed, embedded and serially sectioned. Sections were stained with Masson-Goldner and Cresyl-violet dyes. Digital images were analysed with the image analysis software. Statistics were performed with SPSS software. Results: The average thickness of the cranial part of the oesophageal wall and muscularis proper was 2590 µm and 1197 µm, respectively in the younger and 2453 µm and 1144 µm in the older group. Overall volume of the muscle tissue was slightly larger in the thoracic part, and in the younger group compared to the cranial part and the older group. The average number of the striated muscle cells per 100 µm in the cranial part was 771.5 and 749.7 in the younger and the older group, respectively. Striated cells were significantly less present only in the lower thoracic part of the oesophagus. In the older group, smaller striated muscle cells dominated over the larger ones. In the younger group, majority of the striated muscle cells were mid-sized. The thickness of the circular layer of muscularis proper was more affected by aging than the longitudinal one. Ganglion cells number was lower in the older group, but plexus area was unchanged. Conclusions: Aging affects muscularis proper and myenteric plexus of the oesophagus. Major differences can be observed in the striated muscle cells size, volume of the circular layer and number of the ganglionic cells in the myenteric plexus. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 3: 223–229)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

morphometric analysis; muscularis proper; myenteric plexus; man; oesophagus; age-related change; morphometry; histology; aging

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Folia Morphologica
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 72
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.223-229,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Milosavljevic Z.

• Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Institute for Histology and Embryology, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia

autor

Zelen I.

• Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia

autor

Tanaskovic I.

• Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Institute for Histology and Embryology, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia

autor

Sazdanovic M.

• Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Institute for Histology and Embryology, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia

Bibliografia

• 1. Abalo R, Vera G, Rivera AJ, Martín MI (2007) Age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract: a functional and immunohistochemical study in guinea-pig ileum. Life Sci, 80: 2436–2445.
• 2. Araújo EJ, Sant’Ana Dde M, Molinari SL, de Miranda Neto MH (2003) Regional differences in the number and type of myenteric neurons in the descending colon of rats. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 61: 220–225.
• 3. Belai A, Wheeler H, Burnstock G (1995) Innervation of the rat gastrointestinal sphincters: changes during development and aging. Int J Dev Neurosci, 13: 81–95.
• 4. Besanko LK, Burgstad CM, Mountifield R, Andrews JM, Heddle R, Checklin H, Fraser RJ. (2011) Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is impaired in older patients with dysphagia. World J Gastroenterol, 17: 1326–1331.
• 5. Bor-Seng-Shu E, Chadi G, Bor-Jiun-Shu F, Ferraz-de-Carvalho CA, de-Souza RR (1994) Myenteric neurons of the mouse small intestine. Morphometry and acetylcholinesterase activity. Braz J Med Biol Res, 27: 101–108.
• 6. Bruder E, Rougemont AL, Furlano RI, Schneider JF, Mayr J, Haecker FM, Beier K, Schneider J, Weber P, Berberich T, Cathomas G, Meier-Ruge WA (2013) Motility disorders of the esophagus. Pathologe, 34: 118–132.
• 7. Chen CY, Tsai CY (2012) Ghrelin and motilin in the gastrointestinal system. Curr Pharm Des, 18: 4755–4765.
• 8. Dantas RO, Alves LM, Dalmazo J, Santos CM, Cassiani Rde A, Nascimento WV (2010) Effect of age on proximal esophageal response to swallowing. Arq Gastroenterol, 47: 339–343.
• 9. del Zoppo GJ (2012) Aging and the neurovascular unit. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1268: 127–133.
• 10. DeVault KR (2002) Presbyesophagus: a reappraisal. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 4: 193–199.
• 11. Frieling T (2011) Age-related functional gastrointestinal disorders. Z Gastroenterol, 49: 47–53.
• 12. Gockel I, Bohl JR, Doostkam S, Eckardt VF, Junginger T (2006) Spectrum of histopathologic findings in patients with achalasia reflects different etiologies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 21: 727–733.
• 13. Grande L, Lacima G, Ros E, Pera M, Ascaso C, Visa J, Pera C (1999) Deterioration of esophageal motility with age: a manometric study of 79 healthy subjects. Am J Gastroenterol, 94: 1795–1801.
• 14. Gregersen H, Pedersen J, Drewes AM (2008) Deterioration of muscle function in the human esophagus with age. Dig Dis Sci, 53: 3065–3070.
• 15. Gutschow CA, Leers JM, Schröder W, Prenzel KL, Fuchs H, Bollschweiler E, Bludau M, Hölscher AH (2011) Effect of aging on esophageal motility in patients with and without GERD. Ger Med Sci, 9: DOI: 10.3205/000145.
• 16. Hilbert-Walter A, Büttner R, Sieber C, Bollheimer C (2012) Testosterone in old age: an up-date. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 137: 2117–2122.
• 17. Kahrilas PJ, Ergun GA (1994) Esophageal dysphagia. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg, 48: 171–190.
• 18. Kallmünzer B, Sörensen B, Neuhuber WL, Wörl J (2008) Enteric co-innervation of striated muscle fibres in human oesophagus. Neurogastroenterol Motil, 20: 597–610.
• 19. Lee J, Anggiansah A, Anggiansah R, Young A, Wong T, Fox M (2007) Effects of age on the gastroesophageal junction, esophageal motility, and reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5: 1392–1398.
• 20. Liebermann-Meffert D, Geissdörfer K (1991) Is the transition of striated into smooth muscle precisely known? In: Giuli R, McCallum RW, Skinner DB eds. Primary motility disorders of the esophagus. Libbey Eurotext, Paris, pp. 171–198.
• 21. Lopes GS, Ferreira AT, Oshiro ME, Vladimirova I, Jurkiewicz NH, Jurkiewicz A, Smaili SS (2006) Aging-related changes of intracellular Ca2+ stores and contractile response of intestinal smooth muscle. Exp Gerontol, 41: 55–62.
• 22. Lux G, Bozkurt T, Orth KH (1992) Gastrointestinal motility in the elderly. Z Gerontol, 25: 295–303.
• 23. Orr WC, Chen CL (2002) Aging and neural control of the GI tract: IV. Clinical and physiological aspects of gastrointestinal motility and aging. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 283: G1226–G1231.
• 24. Phillips RJ, Kieffer EJ, Powley TL (2003) Aging of the myenteric plexus: neuronal loss is specific to cholinergic neurons. Auton Neurosci, 106: 69–83.
• 25. Richter JE, Wu WC, Johns DN, Blackwell JN, Nelson JL 3rd, Castell JA, Castell DO (1987) Esophageal manometry in 95 healthy adult volunteers. Variability of pressures with age and frequency of “abnormal” contractions. Dig Dis Sci, 32: 583–592.
• 26. Ross M, Pawlina W (2006) Histology: a text and atlas. 5 Ed. Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, New York.
• 27. Salles N (2007) Basic mechanisms of the aging gastrointestinal tract. Dig Dis, 25: 112–117.
• 28. Schechter RB, Lemme EM, Novais P, Biccas B (2011) Achalasia in the elderly patient: a comparative study. Arq Gastroenterol, 48: 19–23.
• 29. Tang DM, Pathikonda M, Harrison M, Fisher RS, Friedenberg FK, Parkman HP (2013) Symptoms and esophageal motility based on phenotypic findings of scleroderma. Dis Esophagus, 26: 197–203.
• 30. Tei Y, Miwa T (2002) Morphological and functional changes in the digestive mucosa due to aging. Nihon Rinsho, 60: 1478–1478.
• 31. Wu M, Van Nassauw L, Kroese AB, Adriaensen D, Timmermans JP (2003) Myenteric nitrergic neurons along the rat esophagus: evidence for regional and strain differences in age-related changes. Histochem Cell Biol, 119: 395–403.
• 32. Xia F, Mao J, Ding J, Yang H (2009) Observation of normal appearance and wall thickness of esophagus on CT images. Eur J Radiol, 72: 406–411.