Fusarium sporotrichioides sherb. toxins evaluated in cereal grain with Trichoderma harzianum

• Autorzy: Wisniewska H. , Basinski T. , Chelkowski J. , Perkowski J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Tworzenie toksyn przez Fusarium sporotrichioides sherb w ziarnie zbóż zaprawianym Trichoderma harzianum

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Fusarium head blight is one of the most severe diseases of small grain cereals and is caused by several toxigenic Fusarium species. Yield losses and mycotoxin accumulation in grain are caused by the disease. F. sporotrichioides and F. poae produce type A trichothecenes. Saprophyte fungal antagonists, especially Trichoderma harzianum, are effective biocontrol agents against several fungal soil-borne plant pathogens. These fungal antagonists can reduce the production of Fusarium spp. mycotoxins in some crop plants. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of T. harzianum AN4 on the production of type A trichothecenes by F. sporotrichioides in cereals. The accumulation of six trichothecene mycotoxins (scirpentriol, i.e. STO, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, HT-2 toxin i.e., HT-2, T-2 toxin i.e., T-2, diacetoxyscirpenol, i.e., DAS) was reduced on average, by over 89% in bioassays of F. sporotrichioides and Trichoderma isolate AN4 on a liquid medium and on solid substrates (seeds of naked and husked oats and wheat). The reduction in our experiments depended on fungal isolate and substrate. From the three isolates of F. sporotrichioides used in the experiments, the highest accumulation of all the metabolites after 21 days by F. sporotrichioides in nearly all substrates, was recorded for strain ZFR 159. On the liquid medium inoculated with F. sporotrichioides ZFR 159, the amount of type A trichothecenes was the lowest (STO, T-2 tetraol, and T-2 triol not detected, HT-2 toxin 0.02 ppm, DAS 0.10 ppm, T-2 toxin 0.99 ppm). The highest total concentration of these toxins was produced by this isolate in husked oat cv. German (180.16 ppm), but in naked oat cv. Akt the toxin concentration was low (27.62 ppm). Trichothecene accumulation by T. harzianum AN4 was reduced the most in oat cv. Akt (98.48%) in the liquid medium (98.22%), while the lowest reduction was in oat cv. German (48.77%). The non-toxigenic T. harzianum AN4 isolate proved to be a useful biocontrol agent against the toxigenic F. sporotrichioides in cereals, significantly reducing the production of six type A trichothecenes. This is the first report on effective biocontrol of F. sporotrichioides in cereals by T. harzianum.

PL

Fuzarioza kłosów jest jedną z najważniejszych chorób zbóż powodowaną przez patogeniczne gatunki z rodzaju Fusarium. Saprotroficzne grzyby, szczególnie Trichoderma harzianum, mogą być efektywnym antagonistą glebowych grzybów i mogą redukować tworzenie mikotoksyn fuzaryjnych w ziarnie. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu T. harzianum AN4 na tworzenie sześciu toksyn trichotecenowych typu A (scirpentriol, tj. STO, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, HT-2, T-2, diacetoxyscirpenol, DAS) tworzonych przez F. sporotrichioides w podłożu płynnym i stałym (ziarno jęczmienia oplewionego i nagiego oraz pszenicy). Stwierdzono, że redukcja poziomu toksyn zależała od izolatu grzyba i podłoża. Z użytych w badaniach trzech izolatów najwyższy poziom akumulacji wszystkich metabolitów po 20 dniach inkubacji, zaobserwowano dla szczepu ZFR 159. Najmniejszy poziom toksyn przy użyciu tego izolatu stwierdzono na podłożu płynnym (0,00-0,99 ppm, a najwyższy w oplewionym ziarnie jęczmienia odmiany German (180,16 ppm). W ziarnie nieoplewionego jęczmienia odmiany Akt, sumaryczny poziom toksyn wynosił 27,62 ppm. Najwyższą redukcję kumulowanych toksyn typu A pod wpływem T. harzianum (AN4), stwierdzono w ziarnie owsa nagiego odmiany Akt (98,48%) i w płynnym podłożu (98,22%), najmniejszy u podlewanego jęczmienia odmiany German (48,77%). T. harzianum (AN4) - nietworząca toksyn może być antagonistą toksynotwórczego szczepu F. sporotrichioides w zbożach, znacząco redukując tworzenie sześciu toksyn trichotecenowych typu A, po inokulacji toksynotwórczym gatunkiem F. sporotrichioides.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Plant Protection Research
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: 51
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.134-139,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Wisniewska H.

• Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, Poznan, Poland

autor

Basinski T.

autor

Chelkowski J.

autor

Perkowski J.

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