Origin and risk assessment of potentially harmful elements in river sediments of urban, suburban, and rural areas

• Autorzy: Yuan X. , Li T. , Li J. , Ye H. , Ge M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Changjiang Delta Region is a rapidly urbanizing area in China. But this area still reveals different anthropogenic activities and urbanization levels. River sediments from urban, suburban, and rural areas were studied to characterize potentially harmful elements (PHEs) and their ecological risks. Chemical compositions of sediments were analyzed, which revealed pronounced differences in three areas. Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, and MgO were elevated in the urban sediments. Sediments from the rural area showed high organic matter. CaO and TOC of sediments fluctuated significantly in the suburban area. They are associated with the local geological provenance and sediment circumstance. The enrichments of PHEs in sediments of urban rivers were prevalent, among which Cd and As were prominent. Concentrations of PHEs in the suburban area fluctuated significantly. Lead and Cu were obviously enriched in this area. Rural sediments had relatively low concentrations of PHEs, which were also stable in the regional distribution, although As showed a slight enrichment. Based on RI values from Hakanson, the urban sediments showed moderate to considerable ecological risk. And the suburban sediments were in moderate ecological risk, except some high-risk samples. The majority of rural sediments revealed low ecological risk. Of these hazardous elements, Cd, Hg, and Pb contribute the largest proportion of the total ecological risk. It is evident that the urbanization level influences the distributions and contamination grades of PHEs for river sediments of the Changjiang Delta Region.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 22
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.599-610,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Yuan X.

• Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
• College of the Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China

autor

Li T.

• College of the Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China

autor

Li J.

• Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China
• College of the Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China

autor

Ye H.

• College of the Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China

autor

Ge M.

• College of the Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, PR China

Bibliografia

• 1. FOSTER I. D. L., BOARDMAN J., KEAY-BRIGHT J. Sediment tracing and environmental history for two small catchents, Karoo Uplands, South Africa. Geomorphology. 90, 126, 2007.
• 2. JURACEK K. E., ZIEGLER A.C. Estimation of sediment sources using selected chemical tracers in the Perry Lake basin, Kansas, USA, International Journal of Sediment Research. 24, 108, 2009.
• 3. WONG C.S.C., LI X.D., THORNTON I. Urban environmental geochemistry of hazardous elements. Environ. Pollut. 142, 1, 2006.
• 4. HOROWITZ A. J., ELRICK K.A., DEMAS C.R., DEMCHECK D. The use of sediment-trace element geochemical models for the identification of local fluvial baseline concentrations. In: Peters N, Walling D, Editors. Sediments and stream water quality in a changing environment: trends and explanation, International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publications. pp. 339-348, 1991.
• 5. LAIDLAW M.A.S., FILIPELI G.M. Resuspension of urban soils as a persistent source of lead poisoning in children: a review and new directions. Appl. Geochem. 23, 2021, 2008.
• 6. ZHAO Y. F., SHI X. Z., HUANG B., YU D. S., WANG H. J., SUN W. X., OBOERN I., BLOMBACK K. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of an industry-based peri-urban area in Wuxi, China. Pedosphere. 17, 44, 2007.
• 7. DAVIS H. T., AELION C. M., MCDERMOTT S., LAWSON A. B. Identifying natural and anthropogenic sources of metals in urban and rural soils using GIS-based data, PCA, and spatial interpolation. Environ. Pollut. 157, 2378, 2009.
• 8. WU S., XIA X. H., LIN C.Y., CHEN X., ZHOU C. H. Levels of arsenic and heavy metals in the rural soils of Beijing and their changes over the last two decades (1985-2008). J. Hazard. Mater. 179, 860, 2010.
• 9. HOROWITZ A J. Determining annual suspended sediment and sediment-associated trace element and nutrient fluxes. Sci. Total Environ. 400, 315, 2008.
• 10. HAKANSON L. Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach. Water Res. 14, 975, 1980.
• 11. SAKAN S. M., DORDEVIĆ D. S., TRIFUNOVIĆ S. S. Geochemical and statistical methods in the evaluation of trace elements contamination: an application on canal sediments. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 20, (1), 187, 2011.
• 12. LU R. K. Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press: Beijing. pp. 122-145, 1999 [In Chinese].
• 13. NI L.J., ZHANG G.L., RUAN X.L., ZHAO W.J., YANG J.L., ZHOU L.X. The flux and pollution character of dustfall in different functional zones of Nanjing. China Environmental Science, 27, 2, 2007 [In Chinese].
• 14. CHIANG K.Y., CHIEN K. L., HWANG S. J. Study on the characteristics of building bricks produced from reservoir sediment. J. Hazard. Mater. 159, 499, 2008.
• 15. HUANG B., SHI X.Z., YU D. S., ÖBORN I., BLOMBÄCK K., PAGELLA T. F., WANG H. J., SUN W. X., SINCLAIR F. L. Environmental assessment of small-scale vegetable farming systems in peri-urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta Region, China. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 112, 391, 2006.
• 16. GONG M., WU L., BI X. Y., REN L. M., WANG L., MA Z. D., BAO Z.Y., LI Z.G. Assessing heavy-metal contamination and sources by GIS-based approach and multivariate analysis of urban-rural topsoils in Wuhan, central China. Environ. Geochem. Hlth. 32, 59, 2009.
• 17. LI X.P., FENG L.N. Spatial distribution of hazardous elements in urban topsoils surrounding Xi’an suburban areas, (NW, China): Controlling factors and contamination assessments. J. Hazard. Mater. 174, 662, 2010.
• 18. ZHANG H., MA D., XIE Q., CHEN X. An approach to studying heavy metal pollution caused by modern city development in Nanjing, China. Environ. Geol. 38, 223, 1999.
• 19. ZHOU F., GUO H. C., LIU L. Quantitative identification and source apportionment of anthropogenic heavy metals in marine sediment of Hong Kong. Environ. Geol. 53, 295, 2007.
• 20. CHEN T., LIU X. M., ZHU M. Z., ZHAO K. L., WU J. J., XU J. M., HUANG P. M. Identification of trace element sources and associated risk assessment in vegetable soils of the urban-rural transitional area of Hangzhou, China. Environ. Pollut. 151, 67, 2008.
• 21. SCHROPP S. J., LEWIS F. G., WINDOM H. L., RYAN J. D., CALDER F. D., BURNEY L. C. Interpretation of metal concentrations in estuarine sediments of Florida using aluminum as a reference element. Estuaries. 13, 227, 1990.
• 22. DIN Z. Use of aluminium to normalize heavy-metal data from estuarine and coastal sediments of Straits of Melaka. Mar. Pollut. Bullet. 24, 484, 1992.
• 23. DASKALAKIS K. D., CONNOR T. P. Normalization and elemental sediment contamination in the coastal United States, Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 470, 1995.
• 24. RAE J. E. Hazardous elements in deposited intertidal sediments. In: Jickells, T.D., Rae, J.E. (Eds.), Biogeochemistry of Intertidal Sediments. UK: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp.16-31, 1997.
• 25. ZHANG W. G., YU L. Z., LU M., HUTCHINSON S. M., FENG H. Magnetic approach to normalizing heavy metal concentrations for particle size effects in intertidal sediments in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Environ. Pollut. 147, 238, 2007.
• 26. TAYLOR S. R., MCLENNAN S. M. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. UK: Oxford, Blackwell. 1985.
• 27. SUTHERLAND R. A. Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environ. Geol. 39, 330, 2000.
• 28. HERNANDEZ L., PROBST A., PROBST J. L., ULRICH E. Heavy metal distribution in some French forest soils: evidence for atmospheric contamination. Sci. Total Environ. 312, 195, 2003.
• 29. MANTA D. S., ANGELONE M., BELLANCA A., NERI R., SPROVIERI M. Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy. Sci. Total Environ. 300, 229, 2002.
• 30. JORGANSEN N., LAURSEN J., VIKSNA A., PIND N., HOLM P.E. Multi-elemental EDXRF mapping of polluted soil from former horticultural land. Environ. Int. 31, 43, 2005.
• 31. HUANG S. S., LIAO Q. L., HUA M., WU X. M., BI K. S., YAN C. Y., CHEN B., ZHANG X.Y. Survey of heavy metal pollution and assessment of agricultural soil in Yangzhong district, Jiangsu Province, China. Chemosphere. 67, 2148, 2007.
• 32. SARKAR D., DATTA R. A modified in-vitro method to assess bioavailable arsenic in pesticide- applied soils. Environ. Pollut., 126, (3), 363, 2003.
• 33. RATAJCZYK A. Speciation Analysis of Lead, Zinc and Cadmium in River Bottom Deposits in Świętokrzyskie Region, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 17, (5), 781, 2008.
• 34. GE M.X., YUAN X.Y., YE H.M., LI J.Z., LI Y.F., XIAO, J.Q. Pollution Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Their Ecological Evaluations in Sediments from Agricultural Irrigation Area of the Yangtze River Delta Region, China. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 29, (12), 2398, 2010 [In Chinese].
• 35. WOITKE P., WELLMITZ J., HELM D., KUBE P., LEPOM P., LITHERATY P. Analysis and assessment of heavy metal pollution in suspended solids and sediments of the river Danube. Chemosphere. 51, 633, 2003.
• 36. LOSKA K., WIECHULA D. Application of principal component analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir. Chemosphere. 51, 723, 2003.